概述 General Terms
保护主义                  protectionism
闭关自守                  closed door policy
畅通工程                  Smooth Traffic Project
初级成分                  primary sector
粗放式管理                extensive management
从粗放经济转变为集约经济  shift from extensive economy to intensive economy
促进全球经济一体化        foster integration with the global economy
盗用公款                  embezzlement
地方财政包干制            system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances
地区差异                  regional disparity
短平快项目                a project yielding quick returns with a relatively low investment
短线产品                  products in shorts supply
二元经济                  dual economy
发展不平衡                disparate development
发展民族经济              develop the national economy
发展是硬道理              Development is of overriding importance ./ Development is the absolute need
翻两番                    quadruple
放宽经营条件限制          relax business restrictions
扶贫                      helping the poor
改善投资环境              improve the investment environment
工商局                    industrial and commercial administration
公共部门；公共成分        public sector
关税总水平                general tariff level
管制经济                  controlled economy
规模经济                  economy of scale
国产化率                 import substitution rate ; localization rate of parts and components
国际商业社会              the global business community
国家粮食库存             the state grain reserves
国民生产总值             gross national product (GNP)
国内生产总值             gorss domestic product (GDP)
合理引导消费             guide rational consumption
宏观调控                 macro-control
混合经济                 mixed economy
基本国情                 fundamental realities of the country
积极的财政政策           proactive fiscal policy
集体经济                 collective economy
集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
计划经济                 planned economy
计划调节                 regulation through state planning
讲诚信，反欺诈           honor credibility and oppose cheating
解放生产力               emancipate the productive forces
经济波动                 economic fluctuation
经济复苏                 economic recovery
经济杠杆                 economic levers
经济平衡                 economic balance
经济趋势                 economic trend
经济渠道                 economic channels
经济全球化               economic globalization
经济失调指数             misery index
经济衰退                 economic depression
经济腾飞                 economic take-off /boom
(有)经济头脑的人          commercially minded (people); (people with) business sense
控股公司                 holding company
拉动经济增长             fuel economic growth
理顺                     straightening out
家庭联产承包责任制       the household contract responsibility system
停职留薪                 retain the job but suspend the salary
乱收费，乱摊派，乱罚款   arbitary charges , fund-raising quotas and fines
配套政策                 supporting policies
贫富悬殊                 polarization of rich and poor
求得公平合理的解决       seek a fair and reasonable solution
三步走战略               the three-step development strategy
社会热点问题             hot spots of society
涉外经济                 foreign-related business
实体经济                 the real economy
实现零的突破             achieve the zero breakthrough
实用，有效，廉价，方便   practical ,efficient , economical and convenient for use
市政当局                 municipality
适度从紧的财政政策       moderately tight fiscal policy
私营成分，私营部门       private sector
停滞 ；萧条              stagnation
通货紧缩                 deflation (of currency )
统筹安排                 comprehensive arrangement
统一市场                 single market
托管制度                 trusteeship
网络经济                 cybereconomy
伪劣商品赔还法           lemon law
温饱工程                 project for adequate food and clothing
效益农业                 profitable agriculture
新兴经济                 emerging economies
养老金                   pension
以经济建设为中心         focusing on the central task of economic construction
以质量求生存，求发展，求效益
strive for survival , development and efficiency on the basis of quality
优化结构和提高效益      optimized structure and better economic returns
优税待遇                preferential taxation treatment
有中国特色的社会主义市场经济体制
socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics
与国际市场接轨          integrate with the world market ; become integrated into the global market
中国经济景气检测中心    China Economic Monitoring Center
中国新经济峰会          China New Economy Summit
主体经济                the mainstay of the economy
专属经济区              exclusive economic zone
追赶型和跨越式发展      pursuant and leap-forward development
资源配置                the distribution / allocation of resources
自由经济                liberal economy
政治经济学              political economy

官方表述 Official Statements
社会秩序良好，人民安居乐业
People will enjoy a sound public order and live and work in peace and contentment
深化分配制度改革，健全社会保障体系
deepen the reform of the income distribution system and improve the social security system
失业保险制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度
the systems of unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for urban residents
同经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系
a social security system compatible with the level of economic development

国民经济 National Economy
按劳分配                 distribution according to one’s performance
摆脱贫穷和落后           shaking off poverty and backwardness
保持国民经济持续，快速，健康发展
maintain sustained , rapid and sound development of the national economy
保持国民经济发展的良好势头
maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy
边际报酬                  marginal return
变相涨价                  disguised price hikes
不正之风                  bad/harmful practice ; unhealthy tendency
财政经济状况              financial and economic conditions
财政收支平衡              fiscal balance
（产品）分销              sub-underwriting ; distribution
草根农业                  grass-roots industry
产粮大省                  granary province
朝阳产业                  sunrise industry
传销                      multi-level marketing ;pyramid selling
打假                      crack down on counterfeit goods
弹性工资                  flexible pay
等外品                    off-grade goods ; rejects
第一产业                  primary industury
第二产业                  secondary industry
第三产业                  tertiary industry
恶性通货膨胀              hyperinflation
恶性循环                  vicious circle
二次创业                  start a new undertaking
浮动工资                  floating wages ; fluctuating wages
高科技板块                high-tech sector
根本好转                  fundamental turn for the better
工薪阶层                  salariat ; state employee ; salaried person
公司分立与解散            separation and dissolution of a company
国家利益                  interest of the state
红包                      （中）red envelope containing money as a gift ; (贬) bribe ; kickback
积压产品                  overstocked commodities / inventories
技术产权交易所            technology equity market ; technology property right exchange
技术下乡                  spread technological knowledge to farmers
加班                      work extra shifts ; work overtime
家族企业                  family firm
假日经济                  holiday firm
尖端产品                  highly sophisticated products
解困基金                  anti-poverty funds
进口减免税                import tax exemptions and reduction
精品                      competitive products
敬业精神                  professional dedication ; professional ethics
连带责任                  joint liability
良性循环                  virtuous circle
劣等品                    shoddy goods ; substandard goods ; lemon (口语)
冒充包装                  copycat packaging
耐用消费品                durable consumer items / goods
年同比                    year-on-year ; on an annual basis
扭转局面                  reverse the tide ; turn the table
农村富余劳动力            surplus rural labor
农村劳动力合理有序流动    the rational and orderly flow of rural labor
皮包公司                  bogus company
票贩子                    ticket scalper ; ticket tout
瓶颈制约                  “bottleneck” restrictions
情感消费                  emotional consumption
区位商业                  location-based commerce
全优工程                  all-round excellent project
拳头产品                  competitive products ; knock-out products ; blockbuster
商品交易所                Commodity Exchange
商品条码                  bar code
商务所                    commercial counsellor’s office
市场疲软                  sluggish market
市场准入                  market access
适销对路的产品            readily marketable products
甩卖                      clearance sale ; be on sale
双边和多边经济合作        bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation
跳蚤市场                  flea market
投资成本回收              recover investments
脱贫致富                  cast /shake / throw off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity
无形资产                  intangible assets
向钱看                    mammonism ; put money above all
效益工资                  achievements-related wages ; wages based on benefits
一级市场                  primary market
重复建设                  duplication of similar projects
转嫁负担                  shifting losses to

国有企业改革 Reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOE)
摆脱困境                  be extricated from their predicament
包工包料                  contract for labor and materials
层层转包和违法分包        multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting
产品结构                  product mix
产权清晰，权责分明，政企分开，科学管理
clearly established ownership , well defined power and responsibility , separation of enterprise from administration , and scientific management
产销直接挂钩              directly link production with marketing
产业的升级换代            upgrading of industries
产业高地                  industrial leading position
产业关联性                production-related association
产业结构优化升级          optimize and upgrade the industrial structure
厂长负责制               system under which the factory director assumes full responsibility
承包经营                  contract operation
持续提高公司的竞争能力     achieve a lasting upturn in the company’s ability to compete
初步建立现代企业制度       implement a preliminary modern enterprise system
促销                       merchandising
大型企业集团               large enterprise group
带薪分流                   assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits
待岗                       await job assignment ; post-waiting
待业                       job-waiting
待业人口                   population waiting for employment
地域优势                   geographical advantage
调节经济运行               regulate the operation of the economy
调整产品结构               readjust the product mix
董事会领导                 leadership of the board of directors
对符合条件的企业实行债转股
carry out debt-to-equity swap programs in enterprises where conditions permit
对外承包工程               overseas contracted engineering projects
防范和化解经融风险         prevent and defuse financial risks
分流企业富余人员           redirect surplus employees of enterprises
富有献身精神，积极性高涨的员工队伍
a highly motivated and committed workforce
改革国有资产管理体制       reform the state property management system
改善国有企业负债结构       improve the asset-liability ratios of state-owned enterprises
高中级工程技术人员         senior and intermediate-level engineers and technologists
搞活企业                   invigorate enterprises
革新重组                   realignment
个体，私营等非公有制经济   the non-public sector including selfemployed and private businesses
工业产值                  the industrial output
公司法人责任制            the corporate legal person responsibility system
公有制的多种实现形式      various forms for realizing public ownership
股份合作制                joint stock-holding partnership ; the joint stock cooperative system
股份制                    the shareholding system
骨干企业                  key enterprise
规范监事会制度            standardize the board of supervisors system
规范破产                  standardize bankruptcy procedures
国家财政收入              total national revenue
国有大中型企业            large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises
国有控股企业              state holding enterprise
国有资产流失              the devaluation of state assets
合同管理制                the contract management system
红帽子企业                red cap enterprise
宏观管理体制              the macro-control system
货币政策                  monetary policy
技术创新                 technological innovation
家用电器产业             the home electric appliances industry
价格性能比               price versus performance ratio
兼并破产                 merger and bankruptcy
减少对市场变化做出反应的时间
shorten the response time to market changes
减员增效                 downsizing for efficiency ; cut payroll to improve efficiency
揭牌典礼                 an official business launch
街道企业                 neighborhood enterprise
紧密型企业集团           tightly-knit groups of enterprises
竞争有序                 orderly competition
竞争择优                 select only the best of competing offers
开工不足                 enterprises running under their production capacity
亏损企业                 loss-making enterprises
亏损企业脱困             losing enterprises in the black again
扩大内需                 expand domestic demand
来料加工                 process materials supplied by clients ; accept customers’ materials for processing
劳动合同制               labor contract system
理顺/正确处理改革，发展，稳定的关系
appropriately balance reform , development and stability
流通体制                 the circulation system
龙头                     a leader
内联企业                 enterprises with internal connections
扭亏增赢                 reduction of loss and increase of profits
培育统一开放，竞争有序的市场体系
cultivate a unified and open market with orderly competition
培育新的消费热点         foster new consumption growth areas
激励机制和约束机制       incentive and restraint mechanisms
企业文化                 corporate culture
强化管理，“严”字当头    tighten up management and put strict observance above all else
强化社区服务功能         strengthen the function of community
强强联合                 association between strong enterprises
全面提高劳动者素质       improve the overall quality of the workforce
全球销售服务网络         the global sales and after-sales service network
融中国现代产业于世界经济主流
integrate China’s modern industry with the mainstream of the world’s economy
三无企业                 three-no-enterprises
商检局                   Commodity Inspection Bureau
商业运作                 business dealings
深化流通体制改革         deepen the reform of the distribution system
生物医药产业             the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industry
石油化工产业             the petrochemical industry
实行投资主体多元化       Sources of investment must be diversified
时常多元化战略           market diversification strategy
售后服务                  after-sales service
树立企业良好形象          foster a good company image
统筹规划，突出重点，分步实施
a comprehensive plan that should focus on key areas and be carried out in a step-by-step manner
投身于变化的过程中        be committed to the process of change
完善法人治理结构          improve the corporate government
西部大开发                the large-scale development strategy in west China
下岗分流                  redirect laid-off workers
下海                      go in for business
兴建南水北调工程          build the south-to-north water diversion project
虚拟经济和实体经济        virtual economy and real economy
养老，失业，医疗保险金    old-age , unemployment and medical insurance premiums
一刀切                    impose uniformity in all cases ; allow no flexibility
一体化生产                integrated production
以市场为导向              taking the market as the orientation
以质取胜                  implement the strategy of success through quality
引入竞争机制              introduce competition mechanisms
优化结构                  optimize structure
优化生产过程              optimize production processes
优化组合                  optimization grouping ; optional regrouping
优势互补                  take advantage of each other’s strength
再就业服务中心            re-employment service center
再就业工程                re-employment programs
在业人口                  working population
政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏
Governments set up the stage , various departments cooperate and enterprises put in the show
支柱产业                  pillar industries
知识密集型产业            knowledge-intensive projects
中心环节                  the pivotal point
抓大放小                  invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones;focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves
转化机制                  shift to new management mechanisms
转化经营机制              change operating mechanism
装备精良                  state-of-the-art equipment
资金技术密集型产业        capital-and-technology-intensive industries
劳动密集型产业            labor-intensive industries
自负盈亏                  be responsible for their own profits and losses

财政金融 Finance
保理业务                   factoring business
保税区                     the low-tax , tariff-free zone ; bonded area
比较完整的金融市场体系     a relatively complete financial market system
变现                       sell off
财务报告分析              analysis of financial statement
财务成本                  financial cost
财务丑闻                  accounting scandal
财政法                    fiscal law
财政收入/支出             financial revenue / expenditure
财政转移支付              transfer payment from the exchequer
搀水股票                  water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value )
筹资融资                  fund and financing
城乡信用社                credit cooperatives in both urban and rural areas
存款保证金                guaranty money for deposits
呆帐                      bad loan
贷款无力偿还              loan defaults
地区货币集团              regional corrency blocks
电子银行                  e-banking
电子应用系统              e-application
对冲基金                  hedge fund
二板时常：创业板市场      second board (on the country’s stock market)
防范金融风险              prevent financial risks
费改税                    transform administrative fees into taxes
分拆上市                  A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock market .
分期付款                  installment payment
分税制                    system of tax distribution
风险管理                  risk management
风险投资                  risk investment
风险资本                  venture capital
封闭式基金                close-ended fund
辐射全国，影响深远        radiate its profound influence across the country
高增长，低通胀            high growth and low inflation
公积金                    public accumulation funds ; public reserve funds
公司犯罪                  corporate crime
国际清算银行              international clearing banks
国有商业银行              state-owned commercial banks
国债专项资金              special fund for treasury bond
核心/非核心资产           core/ non-core assets
汇率机制                  exchange-rate regime
货币化                    monetization
货币回笼                  withdrawal of currency from circulation
货到付款                  cash on delivery
技术转让                  technology transfer
假帐                      accounting fraud
虚报盈利                  inflate profits
监视会                    supervisory board
结售汇制度                the system of exchange , settlement and sales
金本位                    gold standard
金边债券                  gilt-edged bonds
金降落伞                  golden parachute
金融电子化                computerize financial services
金融重组                  financial reorganization
债务人持有资产            debtor-in-possession (DIP)
金税工程                  Golden Tax Project
金银买卖市场              a bullion trading market
可支配收入                disposable income
客户关系管理              customer relationship management (CRM)
宽限期                    grace period
垃圾债券                  junk bond
利改税                    substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
内部风险管理              the internal risk management
内部自律控制机制          internal control system
欧洲单一货币              the single European currency
盘活存量资产              tap the idle assets
疲软股票                  soft stock
骗汇，逃汇，套汇          obtain foreign currency at false pretenses , not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage
企业资源计划              enterprise resource planning (ERP)
全球金融体系              global financial architecture
全天候交易                24-hour trading operations
融资渠道                  financing channels
三角债                    chain debt
上市融资                  seek financing by listing on the stock market
设置严密的警戒线          throw a tight cordon
申请破产保护              file for bankruptcy protection
生产要素                  essential factor of production
直销                      non-store selling
网上银行业                online-banking
在线金融                  online-finance
实行许可证制              implement a license system
收购公司                  acquiring company
现金流量表                chart of cash flow
首席运营官                Chief Operating Officer (COO)
首席财务官                Chief Finance Officer (CFO)
首席商务官                Chief Business Officer (CBO)
首席技术官                Chief Technology Officer (CTO)
首席信息官                Chief Information Officer (CIO)
首席沟通官                Chief Government Officer (CGO)
授信额度                  line of credit
税前/税后收入              pretax/after-tax income
上市/被摘牌公司            listed / delisted company
上调税申报制度            personal income declaration system
顺差                      trade surplus
特许税                    franchise tax
粘现市场                  discount market
通存通税                the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are processed at any branch bank
统一税                    flat tax ; consolidated tax
偷税，骗税，逃税，抗税    tax evasion , tax fraud , and refusal to pay taxes
投资信心                  investor confidence
财务报表                  financial statement
外国基准货币              the foreign base currency
外汇储备                  foreign exchange reserve
外汇市场                  a foreign exchange market
外资财务公司              foreign-funded financial companies
外资银行                  foreign-funded banks
金融交易安全              financial transaction security
无息和低息贷款            loans with no or low interest
物价涨幅                  the margin of price rise
吸收游资                  absorb idle fund
消费信贷                  consumer credit services
信贷风险                  credit risk
信贷支持                  credit aid
信用紧缩                  credit crunch
信用危机                  credit crisis
虚拟银行                  virtual bank
电子转帐                  wire transfer
延期还本付息              delayed repayment of capital and interest
业绩报表                  earning report
金融违规行为              financial irregularities / improprieties
证券交易委员会            Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)
一式两联                  (receipt or invoice)in duplicate
营业税                    turnover tax ; business tax
增发长期国债              issue additional long-term treasury bonds
债权转股权/债转股         debt-for-equity swap
帐面收益                  paper profit
有形资产                  physical assets
项目资本金制度            project fund system
资产重组                  recapitalize
中国外汇交易中心          Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading Service
中国财政赤字              state financial deficits
转手贸易                  switch trade
（银行的）交易            transact
原始股                    initial offerings
新股发行                  initial public offerings (IPO)
智力资本                  intellectual capital
投资回收期                investment payoff period
资产保值增值              maintain and increase the value of assets ; maintenance and appreciation of assets
资产负债比例管理          exercise management over the liability rate on assets
资产负债表                balance sheet
自由兑换                  free convertibility ; be freely converible
自助银行                  self-service bank

证券 Securities
保证金                    margin ; collateral
成分指数                  component index
承销商                    underwriter
发行人                    issuer
封闭式证券投资基金        closed-end securities investment fund
开放式证券投资基金        open-end securities investment fund
基金托管银行              fund custodian bank
散户                      retail ; private investor
股本                      share capital ; equity capital
国库券                    treasury bond
红利；股息                dividend
货币市场                  monetary market
机构投资者                institutional investor
建/平仓                   open /close a position
可流通股份                negotiable share
可转换债券                convertible bond
控股股份                  controlling shareholder
蓝筹股                    blue chips
流通性                    liquidity
内幕交易                  insider trading / dealing
配股                      allotment of shares
评级机构                  rating agency
企业债券                  corporate bond
清算；结算                clearing and settlement
券商                      broker ; dealer
认股权证                  warrant
融券                      securities loan
金融衍生产品              financial derivatives
申购                      subscribe
市场操纵                  market manipulation
市值                      market capitalization
收购兼并                  merger and acquisition
信息披露                  information disclosure
信用交易                 credit trading
债券                     bond ; debenture
中介机构                 intermediary
资本市场                 capital market
综合指数                 composite index

房产 Real Estate
按揭贷款                 mortgage loan
拆迁计划                 resettlement plan
地段                     plot
都市峡谷                 urban canyon
房产开发公司             real estate developer
房屋总面积               gross area
高层楼房                 high-rise buildings
高密度立体城市           high density vertical city
公告地价                 government-estimated land price
绿地面积                 greenland area ; landscaping space
棚户                     shacks ; family that live in shacks
平面设计师               graphic designer
期房                     forward delivery housing
乔迁之喜                 Best wishes for your new home
人均住房                 per-capita housing ; average living space
商品房空置的现象         the vacancy problem in commercial housing
使用面积                 floorage ; usable floor area
室内面积                 carpet area
四合院                   an old siheyuan (a compound with traditional Chinese house of grey bricks and tiles built around a courtyard )
筒子楼                   tube-shaped apartment
危旧房                   old and dilapidated houses
物业管理                 real estate management
新的经济增长点           new economic growth point
政策性住房               policy-related house ; policy-based house
住房商品化               commercial housing
住房私有化               privatizing housing
住宅建筑企划委员会(联合国) Committee on Housing , Building and Planning