List 12
fawn （to seek favor or attention by flattery and obsequious behavior）
faze (disconcert; dismay)
feckless (WEAK, INEFFECTIVE)
fecund (fruitful in offspring or vegetation)
feeble (markedly lacking in strength)
feigned (not genuine or real)
fender (a device that protects)
feral (not domesticated or cultivated : WILD)
ferrous (being or containing divalent iron)
fertilize (to make fertile)
fervid (marked by often extreme fervor)
fervor (intensity of feeling or expression)
fester (a suppurating sore) (to cause increasing poisoning)
fetid (malodorous)
fetter (hackle)
fiasco (total failure)
fickle (given to erratic changeableness)
fictitious (imaginary)
fidelity (loyalty)
fidget (to move or act restlessly or nervously)
figurative (not literal, but metaphorical)
figurine (a small carved or molded figure)
filibuster (block legislation by making long speeches)
filigree (ornamental openwork of delicate design)
filing (a fragment rubbed off in filing)
filly (a young female horse usually of less than four years)
filter v 过滤 n 滤器
finale (the close or termination of something)
finch (如燕雀,金丝雀)
finesse (delicate skill)
finicky (too particular; fussy)
flaccid (flabby)
flag (droop; grow feeble)
flamboyant （highly elaborate; ornate）
flatter (to praise excessively especially from motives of self-interest)
flaw (a defect in physical structure or form)
flax n 亚麻
fledge (to acquire the feathers necessary for flight or independent activity)
fleet (to fly swiftly)
flexible （capable of being bent or flexed; pliable）
flinch (to withdraw or shrink from or as if from pain)
flippancy (unbecoming levity especially in respect to grave or sacred matters)
flirt (to behave amorously without serious intent)
flit (fly; dart lightly; pass swiftly by)
flock （a group of animals that live, travel, or feed together）
florid (very flowery in style)
flounder (to struggle to move or obtain footing)
flourish (grow well; prosper; make sweeping gestures)
flout (reject; mock)
fluctuate (wave)
fluent (capable of moving with ease and grace)
fluke (unlikely occurrence; stroke of fortune)
flush (to cleanse or wash out with or as if with a rush of liquid)
fluster (confuse)
fluvial (of, relating to, or living in a stream or river)
foible (a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior)
foil (to bring to naught 零)
foliage (masses of leaves)
foment (stir up; instigate)
foolproof （designed so as to be impervious to human incompetence, error, or misuse）
footloose （having no attachments or ties; free to do as one pleases）
forebear (ANCESTOR, FOREFATHER)
forbearance (the act of forbearing : PATIENCE)
ford (place where a river can be crossed on foot)
forestall (prevent by taking action in advance)
foreword （a preface or an introductory note, as for a book, especially by a person other than the author）
forgery (something forged)
formidable (menacing; threatening)
forthright (straightforward; direct; frank)
fortify (to make strong)
foster (to give parental care to)(ENCOURAGE)
founder (fail completely) (sink)
fracas (brawl; melee)
fracture （the condition of having been broken or ruptured）
fragile （easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail）
frail （easily led astray; morally weak）（physically weak; delicate）
fraudulent (cheating; deceitful)
freelancer n 自由职业者
frenzy (a temporary madness) (to affect with frenzy)
frequent （to pay frequent visits to; be in or at often）
fresco (the art of painting on freshly spread moist lime plaster with water-based pigments)
fret （to cause to be uneasy; vex）
friable （readily crumbled; brittle）
friction （the rubbing of one object or surface against another）
frieze n 在墙顶与天花板间起装饰作用的横条饰带
frigid (intensely cold)
fringe (an ornamental border)
frivolous (lacking in seriousness；relatively unimportant)
 
List 13
frond (fern leaf; palm or banana leaf)
frothy （made of, covered with, or resembling froth; foamy）
frowsy/frowzy (sordid)
frugal (characterized by or reflecting economy in the use of resources)
frustrate （to prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire; thwart）
full-bodied （having richness and intensity of flavor or aroma）
fulminate （to issue a thunderous verbal attack or denunciation）
fumble (to grope for or handle something clumsily or aimlessly)
fungi n 真菌类；蘑菇 pl
furnace n 火炉
furor （a general commotion; public disorder or uproar）
furtive (stealthy; sneaky)
fury （Violent anger; rage）
fussy （easily upset; given to bouts of ill temper）
fusty (saturated with dust and stale odors)
futile (ineffective; fruitless)
gadfly (any of various flies)
gadget （a small specialized mechanical or electronic device; a contrivance）
gaffe (a social or diplomatic blunder)
gainsay (deny)
gait (manner of walking or running)
galaxy (the Milky Way)
gall (annoy; chafe)
gallant （unflinching in battle or action; valiant）
galley n 船上厨房
galvanize （to arouse to awareness or action; spur）
gamble （to bet on an uncertain outcome, as of a contest）
gambol （to leap about playfully; frolic）
gangly adj 身材瘦长的
gangway n 过道；通路；跳板
garble (mix up; jumble; distort)
gargantuan (huge; enormous)
garish (gaudy)
garment （an article of clothing）
garrulous (wordy and rambling）
gash a long, deep cut）
gasification n 气化
gauche （lacking social polish; tactless）
gaudy (ostentatiously or tastelessly ornamented)
gauge （a standard or scale of measurement）
gear （a toothed machine part, such as a wheel or cylinder, that meshes with another toothed part to transmit motion or to change speed or direction）
genial （having a pleasant or friendly disposition or manner; cordial and kindly）
genteel (well-bred; elegant)
germane (being at once relevant and appropriate：fitting)
gerrymander （to divide (a geographic area) into voting districts so as to give unfair advantage to one party in elections.）
geyser （a gas-operated hot-water heater）
gibe (to deride or tease with taunting words)
giddy (lightheartedly silly：frivolous)
girder (a horizontal main structural member that supports vertical loads)
gist (the main point or part ;essence)
glacier (a large body of ice moving slowly down a slope)
glade (an open space surrounded by woods)
gladiator n 角斗士
glaze (a smooth slippery coating of thin ice)
glib (marked by fluency in speaking or writing)
glisten (to give off a sparkling or lustrous reflection)
glitch (a usually minor malfunction)
gloat (to feel or express great, often malicious, pleasure or self-satisfaction)
gloomy (low in spirits•melancholy)
gloss (a brief explanation of a difficult；annotate)
glossary (a collection of textual glosses)
glossy (having a surface luster or brightness)
glut (an excessive quantity•oversupply)
glutinous (having the quality of glue•gummy)
glutton (one given habitually to greedy and voracious eating)
goad (to incite or rouse as if with a goad)
gobble (to swallow or eat greedily)
goggle n 护目镜
goldbrick (to shirk duty or responsibility)
gorge (to eat greedily or to repletion)
gossamer (sth light, delicate, or insubstantial)
gourmand (one who is excessively fond of eating and drinking)
gourmet (a connoisseur of food and drink; connoisseur)
grandeur (the quality or state of being grand)
grandiloquent (语言等)夸张的
grandiose (imposing; impressive)
grandstand (to play or act so as to impress onlookers)
grate (irritate,fret)
gratify (give pleasure or satisfaction to ;please)
gratuitous (unwarranted) (given freely)
gravel (a stratum or deposit of gravel)
green (deficient in training, knowledge, or experience)
gregarious (sociable)
grieve (to cause to suffer)
grimace （a sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, contempt, or disgust）
grin (to draw back the lips to show the teeth in amusement)
gripe (to complain with grumbling)
 
list 14
grisly (inspiring horror or intense fear)
groove (a long narrow channel or depression)
grotesque (fanciful, bizarre)
grotto (a small cave or cavern)
grove (a planting of fruit or nut trees)
grovel (crawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate)
grueling (trying to the point of exhaustion)
guarantee (undertake to do or secure)
guile (deceitful cunning•Duplicity)
guilt (feelings of culpability)
gullible (easily duped or cheated)
gully (a small valley or gulch)
gum n 树胶；口香糖
gush (make an excessive display of feeling)
gust (a sudden brief rush of wind)
guzzle (to drink especially liquor greedily)
habitable (suitable for habitation)
hack (to cut or sever with repeated irregular blows)
hackneyed (lacking in freshness or originality)
halcyon （calm and peaceful; tranquil）
hale (free from defect;sound)
half-baked (lacking adequate planning or forethought)
hallmark (a distinguishing trait, or feature)
hallow (to make holy or set apart for holy use)
hallucination （a false or mistaken idea; a delusion）
halting (marked by a lack of effectiveness)
ham-handed (lacking dexterity or grace)
hammer n 铁锤, 槌
hamper （to prevent the free movement, action, or progress of.）
hamstring (to make ineffective ;cripple)
hangdog (sad, dejected)
hankering (to have a strong or persistent desire)
haphazard (marked by lack of plan, order, or direction)
hapless (having no luck)
harangue (to address in a ranting way)
harass (to annoy persistently)
harbinger (one that presages or foreshadows what is to come)
harbor (to give shelter or refuge to)
hard-bitten (seasoned or steeled)
hardy (capable of withstanding adverse conditions)
harmonious (marked by accord in sentiment or action)
harness (UTILIZE)
harp n 竖琴
harrow (TORMENT, VEX)
harry (to torment by or as if by constant attack)
harsh (causing a painful sensory reaction)
hasten (to urge on)
hasty (done or made in a hurry) (fast&typically superficial)
hatch (门、墙壁、地板上的)开口
haunt （a place much frequented）
hauteur (ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS)
haven (a place of safety)
havoc (great confusion and disorder)
headlong (lacking in calmness or restraint Impetuous; rash)
hearken (to give respectful attention)
hearten (to give heart to)
heartrending (causing intense sorrow or distress)
hedonism (the doctrine that happiness is the sole good in life)
hegemony (preponderant influence or authority over others)
heinous (hatefully or shockingly evil)
heirloom （a valued possession passed down in a family through succeeding generations）
helmet n 头盔
hem （an edge or a border on a piece of cloth, especially a finished edge, as for a garment
or curtain, made by folding the selvage edge under and stitching it down）
herald (to give notice of)
herbicide n 除草剂
heresy (an opinion or doctrine contrary to church dogma)
heretical adj 异教的，异端的
hermetic （having to do with the occult sciences, especially alchemy; magical）
hermit n 隐士，隐居者
herpetologist (dealing with reptiles and amphibians)
hesitance (the quality or state of being hesitant)
heterodox (not in agreement with accepted beliefs)
hidebound (having an inflexible character)
hideous (exceedingly ugly)
hie (to go quickly)
hieroglyph (a character used in a system of hieroglyphic writing)
hike (to rise up)
hilarious (marked by or affording hilarity)
 
list 15
histrionic (of or relating to actors, acting, or the theater)
hive (a place swarming with activity)
hoard (to keep (as one's thoughts) to oneself)
hoary (extremely old)
hoax (an act intended to deceive or trick)
hodgepodge (a heterogeneous mixture)
homage (expression of high regard)
homely (not attractive or good-looking)
homily (a lecture or discourse on or of a moral theme)
homogenize (to blend (diverse elements) into a uniform mixture)
hone (to make more acute;whet)
honorarium n．酬劳
hoodwink (to deceive by false appearance)
hortative (giving exhortation)
horticulture n 园艺
hovel (a small, wretched, and often dirty house)
hub n 车轴，中心
hubris (exaggerated pride or self-confidencehubristic)
humble (ranking low in a hierarchy or scale)
humor (to soothe or content by indulgence)
hurricane n 飓风
husbandry (the control or judicious use of resources)
husk (果类或谷物的) (通常用复数)；皮；无价值之物
husky (hoarse with or as if with emotion)
hybrid (something heterogeneous)
hymn (a song of praise or joy)
hypnotic (tending to produce sleep)
hyperbole (extravagant exaggeration)
hypocritical (characterized by hypocrisy; also：being a hypocrite)
ichthyologist (one that deals with fishes)
iconoclast (one who attacks settled beliefs)
idolatrize (admires intensely and often blindly)
idyll n田园诗，牧歌；田园生活
ignite (to set afire)
ignominy (deep personal humiliation and disgrace)
illiteracy n 文盲
illuminati (persons who claim to be unusually enlightened)
illumination n 照明；阐明；启发；装饰图案
illusory (based on or producing illusion)
imbibe (to absorb or take in as if by drinking)
imbroglio (a violently confused altercation)
imitation n 模仿，效法；冒充，赝品
immaculate (having no stain or blemish)
immanent adj 普遍存在的，内在的
immaterial (of no substantial consequence)
immature adj 不成熟的, 未完全发展的
immemorial (existing since beyond the reach of memory, record)
immune adj 免疫的,免除的,不受影响的
immure (to enclose within or as if within walls)
immutable (not capable of or susceptible to change)
imp (a mischievous child)
impassive adj 冷漠的,无感情的 ,平静的
impeccable a．没缺点的，正直的
impecunious (having very little or no money)
impede (to interfere with or slow the progress of)
impend (to be about to occur)
impenetrable (incapable of being penetrated or pierced)
impenitent (not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain)
imperative (expressive of a command)
imperial adj 帝王的，至尊的；壮丽的，堂皇的
imperious (marked by arrogant assurance)
impertinent (characterized by insolent rudeness)
imperturbable (marked by extreme calm)
impervious (not capable of being damaged or harmed)
impetuous (marked by impulsive vehemence or passion)
impiety (the quality or state of being impious)
implacable adj 不易抚慰的
implement n 工具，器具v 实现，使生效，执行
implode (to collapse inward as if from external pressure)
imposing (impressive in size, dignity, or grandeur)
impostor (one that assumes false identity for deception)
impotent (lacking in power, strength)
imprecise adj 不严密的，不精确的
impresario (剧院、乐团等的)经理人
impromptu (composed without previous preparation;extemporaneous)
improvise (to compose, recite, play, or sing extemporaneously)
imprudent (not prudent：lacking discretion)
impudent (marked by contemptuous or boldness)
impugn (to assail by words or arguments)
impuissance n 无权；无力；虚弱
inadvertent (not focusing the mind on a matter)
inalienable (incapable of being alienated or transferred)
inane (lacking significance, meaning, or point)
inanimate (not animated or lively)
inaugurate (to induct into an office with suitable ceremonies)
incandescent (strikingly bright, radiant, or clear)
incantation n 咒语
incarnate (invested with bodily and especially human nature)
incendiary (involving a deliberate burning of property)
incense (to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of)
inception (an instance of beginning;commencement)
incessant (continuing without interruption)
inch (to move by small degrees•progress slowly)
inchoate (being only partly in existence or operation)
incinerate (to cause to burn to ashes)
incipient (beginning to come into being or to become apparent)
incite (to move to action•stir up•spur on•urge on)
inclement (lacking mildness)
incogitant (THOUGHTLESS, INCONSIDERATE)
incongruent (not superposable to be coincident throughout)
inconsequential (of no significance)
incontrovertible (not open to question)
incorrigible (incapable of being corrected or amended)
incriminate (to proof of involvement in a crime or fault)
incubator n 培养的器具, 孵卵器, 早产儿保育器
inculpate （to incriminate）
incursion (a hostile entrance into a territory)
indelible adj 擦试不掉的，不可磨灭的
indemnity (security against hurt, loss, or damage)
indict vt 起诉，控告，指控
indifferent (marked by a lack of interest)
indigenous (INNATE, INBORN)
indigent (suffering from indigence)
indispensability (absolutely necessary)
industriousness (constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied)
indoctrinate (to instruct especially in fundamentals)
indolent (averse to activity)
inducement n．引诱物
indulgent adj放纵的
indurate (to make hard)
ineffable (incapable of being expressed in words)
ineluctable (not to be avoided,resisted)
inept (generally incompetent)
inert (deficient in active properties)
inevitable (incapable of being avoided or evaded)
inexorable (not to be persuaded by entreaty)
infamy (evil reputation)
infatuate (to cause to be foolish)
inferno (a place that resembles or suggests hell)
infiltrate (to passsurreptitiously into enemy-held territory)
infinite (immeasurably or inconceivably great or extensive)
infirm (of poor or deteriorated vitality)
inflame (to excite to uncontrollable action or feeling)
infelicitous (not appropriate in application)
influx (a coming in)
infuse vt 灌输，使…充满，鼓舞
infuriate (to make furious; enrage)
ingenious adj 聪明的，有独创性的
ingenuous (showing innocent simplicity and candidness)
ingest (to take in for or as if for digestion)
ingrained (to work indelibly into the natural texture)
ingrate (an ungrateful person)
 
list 17
ingratiating (capable of winning favor•pleasing)
inherent (belonging by nature or habit)
inimical (having the disposition of an enemy)
inimitable (not capable of being imitated)
iniquity (gross injustice)
initiate (to cause or facilitate the beginning of)
inkling (a slight knowledge or vague notion)
innocuous (行为，言论等) (not likely to give offense)
innovation (the introduction of something new)
inquisitive (inordinately or improperly curious about the affairs of others)
insight n 洞察力
insipid (lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate)
insolent (exhibiting boldness or effrontery)
insouciant (lighthearted unconcern)
instate (to set or establish in a rank or office)
instigate (to goad or urge forward)
instill (to impart gradually)
institute (to originate and get established)
instrumentalist n 乐器演奏家
insubordinate (disobedient to authority)
insular adj 岛的，孤立的，岛特有的
insulate (to place in a detached situation)
insurgent adj 叛乱的，起事的n 叛乱分子
intangible adj 难以明了的,无形的
integral (essential to completeness)
integrity (the quality or state of being complete or undivided)
intelligible (capable of being understood)
intemperate (not temperate especially)
intensify (to make intense or more intensive)
inter (to deposit (a dead body) in the earth or in a tomb)
intercede (to intervene between parties to reconciling differences)
interdict (to forbid in a usually formal or authoritative manner)
interim (an intervening time)
interlock (to become locked together or interconnected)
interminable (having or seeming to have no end)
intermittent (coming and going at intervals)
interregnum n 过渡政府
interrogate (to question formally and systematically)
intimate (a friend or confidant)
intimate (to make known especially publicly or formally)
intimidate (to make timid or fearful)
intransigent （refusing to moderate a position, especially an extreme position; uncompromising）
intrepid (characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and endurance)
intrigue (to arouse the interest, desire, or curiosity of)
intrinsic (the essential nature or constitution of a thing)
intuitive (known or perceived by intuition：directly apprehended)
inundate (to cover with a flood：overflow ;overwhelm)
inure (to accustom to accept something undesirable)
invective (insulting or abusive language)
inveigh (to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently：rail)
inveigle (to win over by wiles：entice；to acquire by ingenuity or flattery)
inventory (an itemized list of current assets)
inveterate (firmly established by long persistence)
invidious (tending to cause discontent,animosity,or envy)
invigorate (to give life and energy to•animate; also•stimulate)
invincible (incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable)
invoke (to put into effect or operation•implement)
irascible (marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger)
irate (arising from anger)
iridescence (a lustrous rainbowlike play of color)
irk (to make weary, irritated, or bored)
ironclad (so firm or secure as to be unbreakable：as binding)
irradicable (impossible to eradicate：deep-rooted)
irreducible (数)不可约的
irritate (to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in•annoy)
isthmus (a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas)
itinerary (a travel diary；a traveler's guidebook)
jabber (to talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly)
jaded (fatigued by overwork•exhausted)
jape (to make mocking fun of)
jargon (specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, similar group)
jarring adj刺耳的
jaundice vt 使怀偏见
jaunty (sprightly in manner or appearance•lively)
jejune (devoid of significance or interest•dull)
jest (an utterance intended to be taken as mockery or humor)
jeopardy (exposure to or imminence of death, loss, or injury：danger)
jettison (to get rid of as superfluous or encumbering：discard)
jibe (to be in accord：agree)
jingoist n 沙文主义者
jitter (to be nervous or act in a nervous way)
jocular (given to jesting • habitually jolly or jocund; playful)
jocund (suggestive of high spirits and lively mirthfulness)
jog (a movement, pace, or instance of jogging as for exercise)
jolt (to cause to move with a sudden jerky motion)
jot (to write briefly or hurriedly•set down in the form of a note)
 
list 18
jovial (markedly good-humored esp as evidenced by jollity and conviviality)
jubilant (exultant)
judicious (sound judgment•discreet)
juggernaut (a massive inexorable force that crushes everything in its path)
kangaroo n 袋鼠
ken (the range of vision)
kidnap (to detain by unlawful force and often with a demand for ransom)
kindle (to stir up)
kindred (of a similar nature or character)
knack (a clever trick or stratagem)
knave (a tricky deceitful fellow)
knead (to work and press into a mass with or as if with the hands)
knit (to form by interlacing yarn or thread in a series of connected loops with needles)
knotty (intricate; difficult; tangled)
kudos (award, honor; compliment, praise)
labile (likely to change ;unstable)
labored (lacking ease of expression)
labyrinth (maze; intricacy, perplexity)
lackluster (lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality：dull, mediocre)
laconic 简洁的
lachrymose (tearful; mournful)
lambaste (to attack verbally•censure)
lamentable (expressing grief)
lampoon (a harsh satire usually directed against an individual)
landfill (a system of trash and garbage disposal)
languid (drooping or flagging from or as if from exhaustion)
languish (to be or become feeble, weak, or enervated)
languor (listless indolence or inertia)
lank (not well filled out：slender, thin)
lapse (a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention)
larder (a place where food is stored：pantry)
largesse (generosity)
lariat (a long light rope used with a running noose to catch livestock：lasso)
lash (to bind with or as if with a line)
lassitude (a condition of weariness or debility•fatigue)
latent (present and capable of becoming though not now visible)
lathe n 车床
latitude (freedom from normal limitations, or regulations)
laudatory (expressing praise)
lavish (expended or produced in abundance)
leaven (to raise as bread with a leaven)
leer (to cast a sidelong glance)
leery (suspicious or distrustful；wary)
legacy n．遗产
legend (an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart)
legion (a very large number：multitude)
lenient (inclined not to be harsh or strict) (merciful)
lethal (capable of causing death)
lethargic (being lazy, sluggish, or indifferent)
levee (an embankment for preventing flooding)
levelheaded (having sound judgment：sensible)
levity (excessive or unseemly frivolity；lack of steadiness)
lexicographer (an author or editor of a dictionary)
liability (something for which one is liable; esp pecuniary obligation)
liberalist (the quality or state of being liberal)
libertine (a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality)
libretto (the text of a work as an opera for the musical theater)
licentious (disregarding sexual restraints)
lien (legal claim until a debt on it is repaid)
liken (compare)
limber (capable of being shaped•flexible)
limerick n 打油诗
limousine n 豪华轿车
limp (lacking firm texture, substance, or structure)
limpid (marked by transparency：pellucid)
linen n 亚麻布
linger (tarry;saunter; to be slow to act：procrastinate)
linoleum n 油布
lint (fuzz consisting especially of fine ravelings and short fibers)
lissome adj 柔软的，敏捷的
 
list 19
list (a deviation from the vertical：tilt; to tilt to one side)
lithe (characterized by easy flexibility and grace)
loath (unwilling to do something contrary to one's ways of thinking)
loathe (to dislike someone or something greatly; abhor)
loathing (extreme disgust：detestation)
lode (an ore deposit)
lofty (elevated in status：superior)
loll (to act or move in a lax, lazy, or indolent manner：lounge)
lopsided (lacking in balance, symmetry, or proportion)
loquacious (given to fluent or excessive talk•garrulous)
lottery (contest in which winners are selected in a drawing of lots)
loutish (resembling or befitting a clumsy，stupid fellow)
lubricate (to make smooth or slippery)
lucid (clear to the understanding•intelligible)
lucubration n 刻苦钻研，苦心的着作laborious or intensive study
lug (to carry laboriously)
lugubrious (尤指装出来的) (mournful;esp exaggeratedly or affectedly mournful)
lull (to cause to sleep or rest•soothe)
lullaby (a song to quiet children or lull them to sleep)
lumber (to move ponderously; stumble)
lumen (a unit of luminous)
luminary (a person of prominence or brilliant achievement)
lurch (to move forward unsteadily while swaying from side to side)
lurk (to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an evil purpose)
lush (growing vigorously especially with luxuriant foliage)
lustrous (reflecting light evenly and efficiently without glitter or sparkle)
luxury (a condition of abundance or great ease and comfort)
lyric n 抒情诗, 歌词
macabre (gruesome; grisly) (having death as a subject)
macerate (steep, soak)
maculate (marked with spots：blotched ;impure, besmirched)
maelstrom (violent whirlpool; violent or tublent situation)
magnificent (grand or noble in thought or deed; exalted)
maladroit (lacking adroitness：inept)
malaise (uneasiness; vague feeling of ill health)
malcontent (dissatisfied ;discontented)
malicious (given to, marked by, or arising from malice)
malign (intense often vicious ill will•malevolent)
malinger (to pretend incapacity as illness to avoid duty or work)
malleable (capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces)
malodor (an offensive odor)
mandatory (containing or constituting a command：obligatory)
mangle (to spoil, injure, or make incoherent especially through ineptitude)
mangy (having many worn or bare spots•seedy, shabby)
mania (excessive or unreasonable enthusiasm)
manifest n 载货清单
manifest (easily understood or recognized by the mind•obvious)
manipulate (control or change by artful means)
manumit (to release from slavery)
manuscript n 手稿
mar (to impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of; spoil)
marsh n 沼泽,湿地
marsupial n．有袋类动物
martial adj 战争的, 军事的
martinet (a strict disciplinarian)
marvel (something that causes wonder or astonishment)
masquerade (to disguise oneself)
masticate (chew)
matriculate vt 入学
mattress n 床垫
maudlin (weakly and effusively sentimental)
maven (one who is experienced or knowledgeable：expert)
maverick (an independent individual not go along with a group)
mawkish (sickly or puerilely sentimental)
meager (deficient in quality or quantity)
meander (to wander aimlessly without urgent destination • ramble)
measly (contemptibly small)
measured (marked by due proportion)
meddle (interfere without right or propriety)
media (a nutrient system for the artificial cultivation of cells or bacteria)
mediate vt 调解，调停
mediocre (of moderate or low quality,value, ability, or performance)
medley (a musical composition made up of a series of songs)
meet (very proper)
meliorism (the belief of tendency toward improvement)
mellifluous (having a smooth rich flow)
melody (tunefulness)
melodrama n 情节剧
membrane (a thin soft pliable sheet or layer especially of animal or plant origin)
menace (to make a show of intention to harm)
mendacious (deception/falsehood/divergence from absolute truth)
mentor (a trusted counselor or guide•tutor, coach)
mercenary (one that serves merely for wages)
mercurial (rapid and unpredictable changeableness of mood)
merited (deserved, be worthy of or entitled or liable to)
mesh (to cause as gears to engage)
mesmerism n 催眠,着迷
metaphor (figurative language)
metamorphose (change strikingly the appearance of• transform)
meteoric (resembling a meteor in speed and temporary brilliance)
meteorology (a science that deals with weather and weather forecasting)
meticulous (extreme care in the consideration of details)
metrical (of, relating to, or composed in meter)
mettle (staying quality • stamina)
miff (a trivial quarrel)
migratory (wandering, roving)
mime (to act a part with mimic gesture and action usually without words)
minaret (a tall slender tower of a mosque)
minatory (having a menacing quality•threatening)
mince (to walk with short steps in a prim affected manner)
mindful (inclined to be aware)
mingle (to bring or mix together)
minion (a servile dependent, follower, or underling)
mint vt 铸造；n 巨额
minuscule (very small)
minutia (a minute or minor detail)
miraculous (of the nature of a miracle • supernatural)
mirage (something illusory and unattainable)
mire (to hamper or hold back as if by mire • entangle)
mirth (gladness or gaiety as shown by or accompanied with laughter)
misanthrope (a person who hates or distrusts mankind)
misbehave v 行为不端
mischievous (able to cause trouble, or minor injury)
misconstrue vt 误解, 曲解
miscreant (one who behaves criminally or viciously)
misdemeanor (a crime less serious than a felony)
miser (one who is extremely stingy with money)
misfortune (a distressing or unfortunate incident or event)
misgiving (a feeling of suspicion especially concerning a future event)
mishap (an unfortunate accident)
misrepresent (to give a false or misleading representation)
mite n 微生物，□虫
mitigate (to make less severe or painful)
mnemonics (a technique of improving the memory)
mobility n 灵活性
mockery (a subject of laughter, derision, or sport)
moderate (to lessen the intensity or extremeness of)
modicum (a small portion•a limited quantity)
molar (a tooth with a broad crown used to grind food)
molding (a decorative plane or curved strip used for ornamentation or finishing)
mollify (to soothe in temper or disposition•appease)
mollycoddle (a pampered or effeminate man or boy)
molt (ecdysis)
momentous (important, consequential)
momentum n 势头，动力
mongrel n 杂种,混血儿 adj杂种的, 混血儿的
monochromatic (having or consisting of one color or hue)
monocle (an eyeglass for one eye)
monologue (soliloquy; a dramatic sketch performed by one actor)
monotone (monotonic)
montage n蒙太奇
moratorium (a suspension of an ongoing or planned activity)
morbid adj 疾病的，病态的
mordant (biting and caustic in thought, manner, or style•incisive)
moribund (being in the state of dying•approaching death)
morose (having a sullen and gloomy disposition)
mortar (a strong vessel in which material is pounded/rubbed with a pestle)
mosaic (一种装饰品由某种材料拼成的图)
mosque (a building used for public worship by muslims)
moth-eaten adj 虫蛀的，过时的
motile (exhibiting or capable of movement)
motivate (to provide with a motive•impel)
motley (variegated in colorcomposed of diverse elements)
mottle (to mark with spots of different color or shades of color as if stained)
mournful (causing sorrow or melancholy•gloomy)
movement n 乐章
muddy (lacking in clarity or brightness)
muffle (to wrap up so as to conceal or protect) (to deaden the sound of)
mulish (unreasonably and inflexibly obstinate)
mumble (to utter with a low inarticulate voice)
mundane (worldly as opposed to spiritual) (commonplace)
munificent (characterized by great liberality or generosity)
mural (a mural work of art as a painting)
murky (dark and gloomy; thick with fog; vague)
murmur (a low indistinct but often continuous sound)
mutate (to cause to undergo change)
mute (to muffle the sound of) (to tone down：soften, subdue)
mutter (to utter sounds or words indistinctly or with a low voice)
myopic (a lack of foresight or discernment)
myriad (having innumerable aspects or elements)
nadir (the lowest point)
naive (deficient in worldly wisdom or informed judgment; credulous)
narcissism (love of or sexual desire for one's own body)
nascent (coming or having recently come into existence)
natty (trimly neat and tidy•smart)
nauseate (to feel disgust)
naysay (denial, refusal)
nebulous (indistinct, vague)
needy (being in want)

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nefarious (flagrantly wicked or impious•evil)
negation (a negative statement, judgment, or doctrine)
negligence (the quality or state of being not taking prudent care)
neologism (a new word, usage, or expression)
negotiate (to confer with another so as to arrive at the settlement of some matter)
neophyte (a new convert•proselyte)
nepotism (favoritism as in appointment to a job based on kinship)
nerve (to give strength or courage to)
nettle (to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger)
nexus (connection,link; a connected group or series; center, focus)
nibble (to eat or chew in small bits)
nil (NOTHING, ZERO)
nip (to take liquor in nips)
nitpick v 挑剔,吹毛求疵
nocturnal (of, relating to, or occurring in the night)
noisome (noxious) (highly obnoxious or objectionable)
nomad (a member of a people who have no fixed residence)
nominal (trifling, insignificant)
nonchalant (having an air of easy unconcern or indifference)
nondescript (lacking distinctive or interesting qualities)
nonentity (a person of little consequence or significance)
nonplus (a state of bafflement or perplexity：quandary)
nonsense (words or language having no meaning or conveying no intelligible ideas)
notch (to cut or make a notcha usually v-shaped depression in an edge or surface)
novelty (something new or unusual)
noxious (physically harmful or destructive to living beings)
nuance (a subtle distinction or variation)
nucleate (to form into a nucleus)
nudge (seek the attention of by a push of the elbow)
nugatory (of little or no consequence;trifling, inconsequential)
nurture (to supply with nourishment)
oasis (a fertile or green area in an arid region as a desert)
oath (solemn promise)
obdurate (resistant to persuasion or softening influences);冷酷的
obedient (submissive to the restraint or command of authority)
obeisance (a movement of the body made in token of 表示respect or submission)
obfuscate (to make obscure)
obituary (a notice of a person's death usually with a short biographical account)
obligatory (binding in law or conscience; mandatory, required)
obliging (willing to do favors)
oblique (not straightforward•indirect)
obliterate (to remove from existence)
oblivious (lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful attention)
obloquy (abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny)
obscure (not clearly seen or easily distinguished)
obsequious (marked by or a fawning attentiveness)
observatory n 天文台
obsess (to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind of)
obstinate (perversely adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course)
obstruct (to hinder from passage, action, or operation)
obtuse (lacking sharpness or quickness of sensibility or intellect)
obviate vt 除去，排除
occlude (to close up or block off•obstruct)
occult (not easily apprehended or understood)
ode n 颂诗,赋
odium (hatred and condemnation accompanied by loathing or contempt)
offbeat (eccentric, unconventional)
offhand (without premeditation or preparation•extempore)
officious (meddlesome)
 
list 21
offish (somewhat cold and reserved•standoffish)
off-key (varying in pitch from the proper tone of a melody) (irregular)
olfaction (the sense of smell)
ominous (being or exhibiting an omen)
omniscient (having infinite awareness/understanding/ insight)
onerous (involving, imposing, or constituting a burden：troublesome)
opaque (exhibiting opacity)
opine (to express opinions)
opportune (suitable or convenient for a particular occurrence)
opprobrious (expressive of opprobrium•scurrilous)
oracle (a person through whom a deity is believed to speak)
oration (an elaborate discourse delivered in a formal and dignified manner)
orient (get one's bearings;adjust; make familiar with a situation)
original (not secondary, derivative, or imitative)
ornithology (a branch of zoology dealing with birds)
orthodoxy (quality of being conforming to established doctrine)
oscillate (swing like a pendulum;vary between opposing beliefs)
ossify (to become hardened or conventional and opposed to change)
ostentatious (fond of conspicuous and sometimes pretentious display)
ostracism (exclusion by general consent from common privileges)
oust (to remove from or dispossess of property by legal action or force)
outgoing (openly friendly and responsive•extroverted)
outlandish (strikingly out of the ordinary • bizarre)
outmaneuver (to maneuver with better effect than; outwit)
outset (beginning, start)
outwit (to get the better of by superior cleverness)
overbearing (harshly and haughtily arrogant)
overlap (to occupy the same area in part•lap over)
overt (open to view：manifest)
overture (something introductory•prelude)
oxymoron (a combination of contradictory or incongruous words)
pachyderm n 厚皮类动物, 迟钝的人
pacify (to allay the anger or agitation of•soothe)
pack (a group of often predatory animals of the same kind)
padding (material with which something is padded)
paean (a joyous song or hymn of praise, tribute, thanksgiving, or triumph)
painstaking (taking pains)
palatable (agreeable to the palate or taste)
palatial (magnificent)
alette (a particular range, quality, or use of color)
pall (to lose in interest or attraction)
palliate (to reduce the violence of (a disease)
pallid (having an abnormally pale complexion)
palmy (marked by prosperity)
palpable (easily perceived)
palter (to act insincerely or deceitfully)
paltry (practically worthless; trifling)
pan (to criticize unfavorably, as in reviewing)
panache (dash or flamboyance in style)
pancreas n 胰腺
pandemic （widespread; general）
pandemonium (wild uproar or noise)
panegyric (a eulogistic oration or writing)
panoramic (an unobstructed or complete view of an area in every direction)
pantry (a room (as in a hotel or hospital) for preparation of foods on order)
parable （a simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson）
paradigm (example, pattern)
paradise (a place or state of bliss, felicity, or delight)
paradox (a statement that is seemingly contradictory to common sense and yet is perhaps true)
paragon (a model of excellence or perfection)
paramount (superior to all others)
paranoia (a tendency on the part of an individual or group toward excessive or irrational suspiciousness and distrustfulness of others)
paraphrase (to make a restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another form)
parch (to dry or shrivel with cold)
parenthesis n 插入语；附带；插曲；圆括号
pariah (a member of a low caste of southern india)
parity (the quality or state of being equal)
parlance (manner or mode of speech)
parody n．诙谐改编的诗文 v 做模仿诗文
paroxysm (a sudden violent emotion or action)
parquetry (inlaid woodwork in geometric forms, usually of contrasting woods, used esp in flooring)
parrot (to repeat by rote)
parry (to evade especially by an adroit answer)
parse (to resolve (as a sentence)into component parts of speech and describe them grammatically)
parsimony (unreasonable economy; stinginess)
partial (inclined to favor one party more than the other•biased)
particularize (to state in detail)
partisan (a firm adherent to a party, faction)
pastiche (a literary, artistic, musical, or architectural work that imitates the style of
previous work)
partition n 分割，划分，瓜分 vt区分，隔开，分割
patent (readily visible or intelligible)
pathology n 病理学；病状
patina n 铜绿；薄层；光泽
 
list 22
patrician (a person of high birth•aristocrat)
patriot (one who loves his or her country)
patronize (to be kind or helpful to, but in a haughty or snobbish way, as if dealing with an inferior)
paucity (smallness of number：fewness)
paunchy (having an enlarged or protruding abdomen)
pebble (a small usually rounded stone)
peccadillo (a slight offense)
peck （to kiss briefly and casually）
pedagogue (a dull, formal, or pedantic teacher)
pedant （one who pays undue attention to book learning and formal rules）
pedestal n 基架，底座，基础
predestine （to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain.）
pedestrian (commonplace;unimaginative)
pediatrics n[医]小儿科
peep (to look cautiously or slyly)
peer （a person who has equal standing with another or others, as in rank, class, or age）
peerless (matchless;imparable)
peeve (to make peevish or resentful)
pejorative (having negative connotations)
pelf （wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired）
pellucid (easy to understand)
pen (a female swan)
penalty （a punishment established by law or authority for a crime or an offense）
penchant (a strong and continued inclination)
penitent (feeling or expressing regretful pain)
pensive (musingly or dreamily thoughtful)
penury (severe poverty)
perambulate v 巡行
perceptible (capable of being perceived)
peremptory (imperious or arrogant self-assurance)
perfervid (marked by overwrought emotion)
perfidy (the quality or state of being faithless)
perforate (to make a hole through)
perfunctorily (lacking in interest or enthusiasm)
perimeter (the boundary of a closed plane figure)
periodical adj周期的n期刊，杂志
peripatetic (moving or traveling from place to place)
peripheral (a periphery or surface part)
perish （to die or be destroyed, especially in a violent or untimely manner）
perjury (the voluntary violation of an oath or vow either by swearing to what is untrue or by omission to do what has been promised under oath)
permanence (the quality or state of being permanent)
permeable (penetrable;having pores or openings that permit liquids or gases to pass through)
pernicious (highly injurious or destructive)
peroration (演讲的)结束语；演讲高谈阔论
perpetual (continuing forever•everlasting)
persecute (to come to mind continually)
persevere (to persist in a state)
persiflage (to provide with an incentive)
persistence n 坚持, 持续
personable (pleasant or amiable in person)
perspicacious (of acute mental vision•keen)
perspicuity (plain to the understanding)
pertain v 适合，属于
pertinacious (stubbornly unyielding or tenacious)
pertinent (having a clear decisive relevance)
perturb (to disturb greatly in mind•disquiet)
peruse (to examine with attention and in detail)
pervade (to become diffused)
pesticide (an agent used to destroy pests)
pestle (grinding substances in a mortar)
petition (to make a request)
petrify v石化；吓呆
petrography (研究岩石分类和体系)
petty (having secondary rank or importance)
phenomenal adj显着的，非凡的，杰出的
philanthropic (characterized by philanthropy)
philatelist n集邮家
philistine (a person who is guided by materialism and is usually disdainful of artistic values)
phlegmatic (stolid temperament)
piddling (trivial, paltry)
piebald (spotted with black and white)
pixel (显示器或电视机图象的)象素
pigment n颜料，色料
pilfer (to steal stealthily in small amounts)
pillar (a firm upright support)
pillory (to expose to public contempt)
pilot (one employed to steer a ship•helmsman)
pine (to yearn intensely and persistently)
pinnacle (an upright architectural member generally ending in a small spire and used
especially in gothic construction to give weight especially to a buttress)
pinpoint (to locate or aim with great precision)
piquant (agreeably stimulating to the palate)
pique n不满，愤怒vt伤害自尊心，使生气
pirate n海盗；盗版者vt盗版，翻印；掠夺
pitch n音品；程度