call for
1) 公开要求require   demand
EG. The teaching profession calls for a lot of patience
2)        need
EG. I’ve been promoted “this calls for a celebration
call for sb 接
EG. I’ll call for you at 7 o’clock
call at 停靠,短时间停留
call sb away 叫走,把┅叫到别处去
call back , call sb back回电话
call sth forth 引起，使产生  
call by顺道来访
call in 召集，召来，来访
call sb/sth off取消，停止进行
call on =drop in on拜访（某人）
call on sb to do sth号召，呼吁
call to mind 使想起=remind
call up  给┅打电话，征召入伍，使回忆/想起
come through 经历,从┅中活下来(或挺过去)
EG.  It’ s a miracle that some of the people working in the world Trade Center came through the terrorist attacks.
The Chinese football team was in trouble at the beginning of the match but in the end it came through
If we can come through this financial crisis the company’s future will be bright.
come 短语
come about : happen发生
EG. Can you tell me how the accident come about?
come across =come over
1) to be understood被理解,被弄懂
EG. He spoke for a long time but this meaning didn’t really come across.他讲了很久,但没人真正理解他的意思
2) make a particular impression给人以┅印象.使产生┅印象
3)meet sb by chance(偶然)遇见
EG.I came across children sleeping under bridges.我偶然发现睡在天桥下的孩子
come across with 提供,供给,给予
EG.I hoped she’d come across with some more information.我希望她能提供更多的信息
come after sb: to chase or follow sb追赶,追逐,追随
come along达到,抵达,出现
come off 成功,实现,奏效
come on 请,来吧,跟着来,快点; 进展,发展; 开始,来临;出场,上演
come out 出现,显露,长出; 出版,刊出;结果是,结局是; 被解出
come round/around苏醒,复原;来访,前来
come to苏醒,复原,总计,达到=amount to
come true实现,达到
come up to 达到,符合
come up with提出,提供= put forward
get by: be good enough but not very good, manage to live or do things in a satisfactory way(～on/with /in sth)过得去，尚可，靠…维持生计，设法过活，勉强应付
EG. How does she get by on such a small salary?她靠这点微薄的工资怎么过活
I can just about get by in German.我用德语只能勉强应付
get 短语
get about/around: to move from place to place or from person to person 传播，流传，各处走动
EG. News soon get around that he had resigned.他辞职的消息很快传开了
He gets around with the help of a stick他拄着拐杖四处走动
get above yourself: to have too high an opinion of yourself自以为了不起，自视甚高，自高自大
get across to sb/get sth across to sth: to be communicated/ or understood.被传达，理解，把…讲清楚
EG. He’s not very good at getting his ideas across.他不善于清楚地表达自己的思想
get ahead of sb走在某人的前面，领先胜过某人
EG. She wants to get ahead of in her career.她想在事业上脱颖而出
get at sb/sth
1)        usually used in the progressive tenses(通常用在进行时)to keep criticizing sb一再批评，不断职责，老实数落某人
EG. He’s always getting at me他总是指责我
2)to reach sb/sth, gain到达某处，接近某人/物，够得着某物
EG. The files are locked up and I can’t get at them.文件资料锁起来了，我取不出来
3) to learn and find out sth获悉，了解，查明，发现
EG. The truth is sometimes difficult to get at有时真相很难查明
get away: to have a holiday/vacation度假，休假
EG. We’re hoping to get away for a few days at Easter
get away from 摆脱，离开，脱身
get away with sth偷走，偷携某物潜逃，做某事而未被发觉或未受惩罚
get down to 开始做某事，开始认真注意/对待某事
EG. Let’s get down to business咱们开始干正事吧
get in 收获，火车进站  get the crops in
get in on参加活动
get into sth进入，陷入
EG. He gets into trouble with the police while he was still at school他还在上学时就与警方发生过纠葛
get along: survive, manage生活过得去,过日子
get along/ on with sb与某人和睦相处，关系良好
get along/on with sth谈及工作，情况进展/步
get over克服，控制
get through 顺利通过
get around/round to doing sth抽出时间来做某事
EG. I meant to do the ironing but I didn’t get round it
get to sb使烦恼/生气，对某人产生影响
EG. The pressure of work is beginning to get to him
get together 社交聚会
get up 起床，（海浪，风等）增强，变猛烈
pick up : be ready to pay付帐
pick短语
pick at sth
1)        to eat food slowly, taking small amounts or bites because you are not hungry磨蹭着吃,(因为不饥饿而)小口吃
2)        to pull or touch sth several times (反复地)揪,扯
EG. He tried to undo the knot by picking at it with his fingers他用手指不停地扯,想把绳结解开
pick sb off: to aim carefully at a person, an animal or an aircraft, especially one of a group, and then shoot them选择(目标)射击
pick sth off: to remove sth from sth such as a tree, a plant, etc.去除,剪除
EG.pick off all the dead leaves.把枯叶全部摘掉
pick on sb/sth:
1)        to treat sb unfairly, by blaming, criticizing or punishing them(跟某人)闹别扭
EG. She was picked on by the other girls because of her size她由于个头关系被其他女孩欺负
2)        to choose sb/sth挑选,选中
pick sb/sth out1)精心挑选;2)认出来,辨别出;3)(不用乐谱)慢慢弹奏(乐曲)
EG. He picked out the tune on the piano with one finger他凭记忆用一个手指在钢琴上慢慢弹出了那支曲子
pick sth over=pick through sth用心挑选,筛选
pick up: 1)拣起,拾起;2)(车船等)中途搭(人)带(货);3)获得,学会;4)(偶然)得到;5)使恢复精神,振作起精神;6)加快速度
pick up on sth领略,意会,意识到; 回到(某课题等),重提(要点等);
pick sb up on sth提到某人的错误.挑毛病,算旧帐
pick yourself up(跌倒后) 站起来
cut 短语
cut across sth:1)影响,符合,适用于(分离的不同群体);2)=cut through sth 抄近路穿过,走近路
cut sth away (from) sth:切除,割掉,砍掉,剪去
cut back : 减少,削减,缩减, 剪枝,修剪
cut down: 杀死某人; 砍倒; 削减, 缩小(尺寸,数量或数目)
cut in : 1)(马达或发动机)发动;2)插嘴,打断(谈话);3)超车抢道;4)让某人分享利润
cut off:1)中断(电话通话),打断某人并阻止其讲话,停止,中断供给; ; 2)剥夺继承权
cut out:删去，停止，戒掉（吸烟）
cut up切碎
PHR: settle down
1)舒适地坐下（或躺下）
2)在某地定居下来，过安定的生活
3)使某人安静下来，平静下来
settle down to sth开始认真对待，定下心来做
settle for sth勉强接受
settle in/into sth安顿下来，习惯于（新居），适应新工作
settle onsth选定，决定
EG. Have you settled on a name for the baby yet?你给孩子起好名字没有
settle sth on sb 转让(钱财),赠与(尤指在遗嘱中)
give up: abandon an attempt to do sth投降，认输，放弃  
give sth away 赠送，捐赠； 颁发，分发；失去，丧失，错失  
give sb away泄露，暴露
give sb back sth =give sth back to sb 还，归还，送回； 使恢复，使重新获得
give in to sb/sth 屈服，认输，投降；让步，勉强同意
give sth in to sb呈上，交上
give off发出，放出（气味，热，光等）
give on to sth/give onto sth朝向，面向，通向
give out用完，耗尽； 分发，散发；发出，放出（热，光等）
give yourself over to sth/give yourself up to sth致力于，沉溺于
give sth over to sth把… 专用作某种用途
pass for  appear like: be accepted or looked upon as
pass as sth/sb（婉辞，指去世）亡故= pass on /away
pass by sb/sth 未影响（某人/事）; 通过,经过
EG. She feels that life is passing her by 他觉得所有人生的机遇欢乐都与他无缘
pass down 使世代相传
pass for /sb被认为，被当作
pass into sth 变为其中一部分，融入，纳入
pass off（以某方式）发生并完成
pass on to sb转交，递给，传给
pass off as sb/sth装作，佯装， 假装
pass sb over（考虑提职时）跳过某人
pass through 经过，路过
pass up 放弃，不要机会
EG. Imagine passing up an offer like that 真想不到居然放弃人家提供的大好机会!

PHR：build sth around sth 在基础上…创作
EG. The story is built around a group of high school dropouts故事围绕着一群辍学的中学生展开
build sth in/ build sth into sth
1)把…建立在（较大的建筑物）里，使…固定于
EG. The pipes were built into the concrete 管子已固定在混泥土里
2)使…成为（体系，计划等的）组成部分，使成为建筑物的一部分
build on sth 在…的基础上发展
build up (to sth)加大，加强，增多，鼓吹，吹捧，建立，开发
build up to sth/ build yourself up to sth 为…作准备
build yourself/ sb up 增强…的体质，使更加强壮
bodybuilder
put up
1)        建设，支起，设置build, set up
2)  张贴post
3) 提出 raise, put forward
4) 提价。举起，升起raise
5)为…提供食宿，投宿 lodge, accommodate
put up with = endure, stand 容忍，忍受
put across/over= get across/through解释清楚，说明
put up at 投宿，在…过夜
put up for sth 自荐为…的候选人
put up to sth 怂恿，唆使
put about 散布，传播（不实的消息）
put aside 储存，保留，忽视，不理睬，忘记
put away放好，收好，储存
put down = write down记下，放下  suppress镇压，平定
put forward提出    bring forward, propose
put in 驶进
put in for =apply for申请
put off= postpone 推迟，推延
put on =穿上，戴上perform上演    gain 增加体重
put out 熄灭，消灭，关灯  turn out/off    issue 出版，发布, publish   ,produce生产
put through 完成，达成，使成功；使经受（磨练，痛苦），折磨，安排某人上学，接通电话
EG. He put all his children through college他把子女都送去上学了
stand for 代表,象征,表示; 支持,主张not stand for 容忍,忍受
stand aside 站在一边,让开;不参与,不介入,置身事外
stand by
1).still believe or agree with sth, said, decided or agreed earlier
EG.She still stands by every word she said.她仍然信守自己所说的每一句话
2).help sb. Or be friends with them, even in difficult situations.支持，帮助，忠于
EG. I owe so much you my family for standing by me through all this我非常感谢我的家人，他们支持我经历了所有这一切
3).be present while sth bad is happening but not do anything to stop it.袖手旁观，无动于衷
EG.How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn’t do?看着他无辜受到指控，你怎能袖手旁观？
4).be ready for action做好随时行动的准备，做好准备
EG.The troops are standing by军队正严阵以待
stand down 离职,退职,下台
EG. He stood down to make way for someone younger他退下去为年轻人让路
stand in for sb 代替,顶替某人
stand out (as sth )出色,杰出,更为重要
EG. Four points stand out as being more important than the rest有四点比其余各点更为重要
stand out from/ against sth显眼,突出
EG. She is the sort of person who stand out in a crowd她是那种在人群中很显眼的人
stand over sb监视,监督
stand up 站起来
stand up for sb/sth支持,维护
stand up to sth 经得起（检验,审查等）,能承受,经得住
stand up to sb   抵抗,勇敢反对,不甘忍受某人的欺负
break in/ into : enter by force强行进入
break away from 强行逃跑,与…脱离
break down 损坏,分解,瓦解
break forth 突然迸发
break in 闯入,非法进入,插嘴,打断
PHR:  + on sb
sb’ conversation/activity
break into （可节宾语）闯入,而break in不可以
break off断绝,结束,中断
～ diplomatic relation with 与…中断外交关系
break out突然发生,爆发, vi（不用于被动语态）
break the ice打破僵局
break through突破
break up打碎,拆散,终止,结束