专升本英语阅读中的长难句分析





专升本英语阅读中的长难句分析
1.复杂的并列句
　如果句子各部分有and, or, for, therefore, however, yet, still 或者分号，逗号，破折号等连接，这些部分是同等重要的，彼此之间没有从属关系，他们都是分句，因而整个句子都是并列句，尽管分句中常包含从句。
Eg1 There is only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven inserts, roll them together, slip a rubber band around them and slide into a plastic bag.
Eg2 Based on animal tests of nearly 1000chemicals, the data show that daily consumption of the average peanut-butter sandwich, which contains traces of aflatoxin　(黄曲霉毒素) (a naturally occurring mold carcinogen in peanuts), is 100 times more dangerous than our daily intake of DDT from food, and that a glass of the most polluted well water in the Silicon valley is 1000 times less of cancer risk than a glass of wine or beer is.
Eg3 Culture as a uniquely human attribute seems bound to affect he totality of humanity and through this totality the patterns and results of human reproductive behavior ; this, in turn, must affect the human gene pool and the selective processor that act upon it, which is the essence of human evolution.
2.从句
从句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成，主句是句子的主体，从句只是整个句子的一部分，尽管它也有主语和动词等成分，但不能独立成为一个句子。
A 名词从句（从句在主句中相当于名词的作用，做主语，宾语或主语补足语）
Eg1 I think your sentence is wrong.
Eg2 The fact is that they never told me about it.
Eg3 How he manages to do so much is beyond us.
B　副词从句（从句在句子中修饰动词，形容词或副词，并称状语从句）
Eg1 I will do it for you since you are busy.
Eg2 We shall go to seaside for an outing provided the weather is fine.
Eg3 However often does it, he always makes a mistake.
Eg4 This work is not as easy as I thought.
Eg5 I was glad you are able to come.
C 形容从句（从句修饰主句中的某个名词或代词，相当于形容词的作用的，并称定语从句）
Eg1 People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.
Eg2 Sunday is the time when we are least busy.
3.插入结构
Eg1 The inner workings of our brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace.
Eg2 The American public, although enjoying Twain’s humor, evidently rejected his cynicism about technological advancement and change through peaceful revolution as antithetical to the United States doctrine o progress.
Eg3 We went along that Monday armed with all kinds of witness, including my English teacher form school as a character witness.
Eg4 The number of visitors, according to the American Association of Museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year.
4.分割结构
Eg1 We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about.
Eg2 But not as mixed up as another student in my economic class who came there direct form a physics laboratory.
Eg3 The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent is the decision of the patient and her immediate family.
5.倒装结构
Eg1 Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park bencher that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.
Eg2 Electronics has made possible a new kind of higher education and research, including what counts to a global scale electronic lecture hall.
Eg3 Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspaper without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
6.分句和从句
Eg1 Facing the Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, and most of city is built on islands.
Eg2 But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from organizations that deserve no say.
Eg3 Performance often take place in an open area and so the lines between the performing nucleus and the additional performer, active spectators and passive spectators may be difficult to draw form our point of view.
7.省略
Eg1 while it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of other, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.
Eg2 When first given to individuals, animal, and places they were chosen carefully with a hope of endowing whatever was maimed with some sort of magic.
8.形式主语或形式宾语结构
Eg1 Thus it is not merely true, as frequently noted, that 90percent of all the scientists who ever lived are now alive, and that new scientific discoveries are being made every day.
Eg2 Americans think it is all right, even sporting, to admit a defect in themselves, but they feel that it is almost an insult to have someone else agree.
9.否定句结构
Eg1 But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well being that can make the difference between a full an empty life.
Eg2 Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do pride themselves on a distinctive ability that contributes highly to the running of the organization.
10.同位语结构
Eg1 To begin with a familiar type of situation, a patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily alleviated.
Eg2 This special liking for mathematics and science is party explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their education abroad in the US. With a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English.
11.复杂难长句翻译
Eg1 There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.
Eg2 Abraham Lincoln, who presided in his stone temple on August 28,1963 above the children of the slaves he emancipated(解放)，may have used just the right words to sum up the general reaction to the Negroes massive march on Washington.
Eg3 It was better coved by television and press than any event here since President Kennedy’s inauguration, and, since indifferent is almost as great a problem to the Negro as hostility, this was a plus.

不赖