list 23
pithy (having substance and point)
pitiless (devoid of pity：merciless)
placate (to soothe or mollify)
placebo n．安慰剂
plagiarize (to steal as one's own)
plangent (having a loud reverberating sound)
plantation n 大农场，种植园
plasticity n可塑性，塑性
plateau (上升后的) (或时期、状态)
platitude (a banal, trite, or stale remark)
plausible (superficially fair)
pleat (to arrange in pleats)
plentitude n充分
plethora (excess, superflutty;profusion, abundance)
pliable adj 易曲折的，柔软的，易受影响的，温顺的
pliant (easily influenced)
plight (to put or give in pledge•engage)
plodding (working laboriously monotonously)
pluck (courageous readiness to fight)
pluck n猛拉；动物内脏；弹奏
plumb (to measure the depth of with a plumb)
plummet (to drop sharply and abruptly)
plump (having a full rounded)
plutocracy n 富豪统治
podiatrist n 足病医生
polarize (to break up into opposing factions or groupings)
polemic (the art or practice of disputation)
polished (highly developed, finished)
politic adj 精明的，圆滑的，慎重的，策略的
pollster n 民意测验专家
pompous (self-importance;arrogant)
ponderable (significant enoug•appreciable)
ponderous (of very great weight)
pontificate (to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way)
porcelain n瓷，瓷器
pore n毛孔，气孔，细孔
porous (capable of being penetrated)
portentous (eliciting amazement or wonder)
portfolio n 部长职务；公事包
poseur (a person who pretends to be what he is not)
posit (to assume or affirm the existence of•postuate)
postulate (depend upon or start from the postulate of)
posture (to assume an artificial attitude)
potable (suitable for drinking)
potboiler (a literary or artistic work of poor quality, produced quickly for profit)
potentate (one who wields great power or sway)
potentiate (to make more effective or more active)
pout (to show displeasure by thrusting out the lips or wearing a sullen expression)
prairie n 大草原，牧场
prate (to talk long and idly)
preach (to deliver a sermon)
precarious (characterized by a lack of security)
precedent (prior in time, order)
precipice (a very steep or overhanging place)
precipitate (to bring about abruptly)
precipitation (something precipitated)
precipitous (very steep, perpendicular)
preclude (prevent)
precursor n 先驱者，先导
predecessor n 前任，先辈
predilection n爱好，偏袒
preeminent (having paramount rank,dignity)
preempt (to replace with something considered to be of greater value or priority：take
precedence over)
preen (to dress or smooth up•primp)
preface (the introductory remarks of a speaker)
pregnant (inventive)
premeditated adj 预想的，有计划的
preoccupation n当务之急
preponderant (having superior weight)
prepossessing (attractive)
preposterous (contrary to nature, reason, or common)
presage (foretell, predict)
prescience (foreknowledge of events)
prescription n 处方；命令，指示
preservative n 预防法，预防药，防腐剂
prestige (standing in the eyes of people)
presumptuous (taking liberties)
pretense n 虚假，伪装
preternatural adj超自然的
prevail (to gain ascendancy through strength)
prevalent (generally or widely accepted)
prevaricate (to deviate from the truth)
primordial (existing in the beginning)
primp (to dress, adorn in a finicky manner)
principal (most important, consequential)
 
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pristine (not spoiled, corrupted)
privation (the state of being deprived)
probe (to make a searching exploratory investigation)
probity (adherence to the highest principles)
proclivity (a natural propensity or inclination)
procrastinate v 耽搁，拖延
procure (to get possession of)
prod (to incite to action：stir)
prodigal adj 浪费的，挥霍的，放荡的
prodigy n 惊人的事物，不凡的人，神童
profane v亵渎，玷污
proffer (to present for acceptance)
proficient adj熟练的，精通的
profligate (wildly extravagant)
profundity n 深奥，深刻
profusion (great quantity•lavish)
proliferate (to increase in number by proliferating)
prolix (marked by or using an excess of words)
prologue n序言
prolong (to lengthen in extent, scope, or range)
promulgate vt发布，公布，传播
propagate (to cause to spread out)
propensity (an often intense natural inclination)
prophetic (foretelling events)
propitiate (to gain or regain the favor)
propitious (favorably disposed)
proponent n建议者，支持者
propriety n适当
prosaic adj单调的，无趣的
proscribe (to condemn or forbid)
prosecution n 实行；经营；起诉
proselytize (to recruit or convert especially to a new faith, institution, or cause)
prospect (to search for or explore for mineral deposits or oil)
prosperous (enjoying vigorous and healthy growth)
prostrate (stretched out with face on the ground in adoration or submission)
protean (displaying great diversity)
protocol n 外交礼节，协议
protract (to prolong in time or space)
protuberant (thrusting out from a surrounding or adjacent surface often as a rounded mass)
provident adj 深谋远虑的；节俭的
providential (happening as if through divine intervention; opportune)
provincial (limited in outlook)
provisional (serving for the time being)
provisory adj 有附文的,有附带条件的,暂时的
provoke (to call forth)
prowess (distinguished bravery)
prowl (to move about or wander stealthily in or as if in search of prey)
prude n 装成规矩的女人，过分正经的女人
prudent (marked by circumspection)
prudish (marked by prudery)
prune (to remove as superfluous)
pry (to look closely or inquisitively)
pseudonym n 假名；笔名
psychology n 心理学，心理状态
pucker (to contract into folds or wrinkles)
puckish adj 爱恶作剧的，淘气的，顽皮的
puerile adj 幼稚的，儿童的
puissance (power; might)
pulchritude (physical comeliness)
pullet n 小母鸡；小姑娘
pulverize (to reduce (as by crushing, beating, or grinding) to very small particles：atomize)
pun (a joke using words with similar sounds or two different meanings)
punch line (the sentence, statement, or phrase (as in a joke) that makes the point)
punctilious (marked by precise accordance with the details of codes or conventions)
pundit n．权威人士，专家
pungent (causing a sharp or irritating sensation)
puny (slight or inferior in power, size, or importance)
purity (the quality or state of being pure)
purlieu (a frequently visited place)
purloin (to appropriate wrongfully and often by a breach of trust)
purvey （to supply (food, for example); furnish）
pusillanimous (lacking courage and resolution)
quack （a charlatan; a mountebank）
quaff (to drink (a beverage)deeply)
quail (to recoil in dread or terror)
qualified (limited or modified in some way)
quandary (a state of perplexity or doubt)
quarantine (to isolate from normal relations)
quarry (one that is sought or pursued)
quash (to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely)
quell (to thoroughly overwhelm and reduce to submission or passivity)
 
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quench (to cool (as heated metal) suddenly by immersion (as in oil or water)
querulous (habitually complaining)
quibble (to evade the point of an argument by caviling about words)
quiescent (marked by inactivity or repose)
quixotic (foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals)
quota (a proportional part or share)
quotidian adj．每日的，平凡的
rabble n 乌合之众，暴民，下等人
rabid (extremely violent)
raconteur n．善于讲故事的人
racy (having a strongly marked quality)
raffish (marked by or suggestive of flashy vulgarity or crudeness)
raffle n 抽彩售货，废物
rafter n 椽；椽架屋顶；筏夫
rage （violent, explosive anger）
ragged (torn or worn to tatters)
rail (to revile or scold in harsh, insolent, or abusive language)
rakish (of, relating to, or characteristic of a rake ;dissolute)
ramble (to move aimlessly)
rambunctious （boisterous and disorderly）
rampart (a protective barrier;bulwark)
ramshackle (appearing ready to collapse)
rancid (offensive in odor or flavor)
rancor (bitter deep-seated ill will)
randomize （to make random in arrangement, especially in order to control the variables in an experiment）
ranger n 守林人，骑警，徘徊者
rankle (to cause irritation)
rant (to scold vehemently)
rapacious (excessively grasping)
rapport (relation marked by harmony, conformity)
rapprochement n 建立或恢复友谊或和睦关系
rapscallion n 流氓，恶棍
rapt (wholly absorbed)
rash (proceeding from undue haste)
raisin n 葡萄干
rarefy （to make thin, less compact, or less dense）
raspy （rough; grating）
ratify (to approve and sanction formally)
ratiocination (the process of exact thinking)
ration (a food allowance for one day)
rationalize (to bring into accord with reason something to seem reasonable)
ravel (to separate the texture)
rave (an extravagantly favorable criticism)
ravenous (very greedy for food or gratification)
ravish （to seize and carry away by force）
raze (to destroy to the ground;demolish)
reactant n 反应物
reactionary （characterized by reaction, especially opposition to progress or liberalism; extremely conservative）
ream (a quantity of paper)
reap (to gather by reaping)
reassure (to restore to confidence)
rebuff (to reject or criticize sharply)
recalcitrant （marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority or guidance）
recant vi 放弃信仰，撤消声明，公开认错
recessive (生物)隐性的
recidivism (relapse into criminal behavior)
reciprocate (to move forward and backward)
reckless (careless of consequences)
recluse (a person who leads a secluded life)
recoil (to fall back under pressure)
reconcile (to make consistent or congruous)
recondite adj 深奥的，难解的
reconnaissance (an exploratory military survey of enemy territory)
reconstitute vt 重新组成，重新设立；加水使恢复
reconvene vt 重新集合，重新召集
rectify v 订正，校正
rectitude (moral integrity)
recumbent adj 靠着的，斜躺着的，不活动的，休息的
recuperate (to regain a former state or condition)
redistribution n 重新分配，再区分
redolent (exuding fragrance)
redoubtable (worthy of respect)
redundant adj 多余的，过多的，冗长的
reel n 卷轴；一卷；蹒跚；旋转；纺车
referee n 仲裁人，调解人；裁判员
refinery n精炼厂，提炼厂
reflective adj 反射的；反映的；熟虑的
refractory (病)难治的
refulgence (a radiant or resplendent quality or state)
refute (to deny the truth or accuracy of)
regenerate (restored to a better, higher, or more worthy state)
regimen n 养生法，生活规则
regress (to tend to approach or revert to a mean)
rehabilitate (身体)康复，使复职
rehearsal n 排演, 演习, 预演, 试演
 
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reign (royal authority)
rein n 缰绳 vi驾驭，控制
reiterate v 重申，反复地说
rejoice (to feel joy or great delight)
relapse (to slip or fall back into a former worse state)
release (to set free from restraint)
relentless （unyielding in severity or strictness; unrelenting）
relevant （having a bearing on or connection with the matter at hand）
religion n 宗教，信仰
relinquish (to give over possession)
relish （an appetite for something; a strong appreciation or liking）
reluctant （unwilling; disinclined）
remiss (showing neglect or inattention：lax)
remodel (to alter the structure of)
remonstrance (an earnest presentation of reasons for opposition or grievance; especially：a document formally stating such points)
remorse (a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs：self-reproach)
remunerate (to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expense：recompense)
rend (to split or tear apart or in pieces by violence)
renounce (to give up, refuse or resign usually by formal declaration)
renovate (to restore to a former better state)
repartee (a succession or interchange of clever retorts：amusing and usually light sparring with words)
repatriate (to restore or return to the country of origin or citizenship)
repeal (to rescind or annul by authoritative act; to revoke or abrogate by legislative enactment)
repel (repulse；resist) (to cause aversion in：disgust)
repertoire (a list or supply of dramas)
repine (to feel or express discontent or dejection)
replete (fully provided ;full)
reportage n报道, 报道的消息, 报告文学
repose (to lie at rest ；to take a rest)
reprehend (to voice disapproval of ；censure)
repress (to put down by force) (to hold in by self-control)
reprieve (to delay the punishment of a condemned prisoner)
reproach (an expression of rebuke or disapproval)
reprobate （to disapprove of; condemn）
reproof (criticism for a fault：rebuke)
reprove (to scold or correct usually gently or with kindly intent；to express disapproval of：censure)
reptile n爬虫动物, 卑鄙的人
repudiate （to reject the validity or authority of）
repugnant (exciting aversion) (incompatible)
repulse v/n 厌恶,令人厌恶；驱逐，击退
repute (the character or status commonly ascribed to one)
requite (to make return for：repay)
requisite (essential, necessary)
rescind (abrogate；cancel)
reserved (restrained in words and actions)
residue (something that remains after a part is taken)
resign (give up one's office)
resilience (an ability to recover from)
resin n 树脂
resolute (marked by firm determination)
resonant (echoing; resounding; deep and full in sound)
resourceful adj 策略的,机智的,资源丰富的
respite （a period of temporary delay；an interval of rest or relief）
respire (breathe; specifically：to inhale and exhale air successively)
resplendent (shining brilliantly)
responsive (quick to respond sympathetically)
restive (marked by impatience) (stubbornly resisting control)
restless adj得不到休息的, 不平静的
restrain vt阻止,限制,使受控制
resurgence n 复活,重新活跃,复兴
resuscitate （to restore consciousness, vigor, or life to）
retainer (servant)
retaliate (to repay (as an injury)in kind)
retard （to cause to move or proceed slowly; delay or impede）
reticent (inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech)
retort (a quick, witty, or cutting reply)
retouch (to rework in order to improve)
retract （to take back; disavow）
retrench (cut down, reduce)
retribution (recompense, reward；punishment)
retrograde (go backwards; recede; degenerate; deteriorate)
retrospective (looking back on the past)
revelry (noisy partying or merrymaking)
revenge （to inflict punishment in return for (injury or insult)）
revere (to show devoted deferential honor to)
revise (to make a new, amended, improved, or up-to-date version of)
revive （to bring back to life or consciousness; resuscitate）
revoke (to annul by recalling or taking back)
ribald (crude,offensive)
rickety (shaky：in unsound physical condition)
rider (a clause appended to a legislative bill to secure a usually distinct object)
 
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ridicule n v 嘲笑,笑柄
rife (prevalent) (copiously supplied)
rift (a clear space or interval)
rile (to make agitated and angry：upset)
ripen v 使成熟
riot (public violence, tumult, or disorder)
rite (a ceremonial act or action)
rive (to wrench open or tear apart or to pieces ；rend)
riveting (to attract the attention completely)
rivulet (a small stream)
robust （full of health and strength; vigorous.）
rodent (Any of various mammals of the order Rodentia, such as a mouse, rat, squirrel, or beaver, characterized by large incisors adapted for gnawing or nibbling)
roil (to make turbid by stirring up the sediment or dregs of)
roister (to engage in noisy revelry：carous)
rookie (recruit;also：novice)
roster (a roll or list of personnel)
rostrum (a stage for public speaking)
rouse (to stir up：excite)
royalty (royal status or power) (a payment to an author or composer for each copy of a work sold or to an inventor for each item sold under a patent)
rubicund (ruddy)
rudimentary (fundamental) (of a primitive kind) (very imperfectly developed or
represented only by a vestige)
rue (to feel penitence, remorse, or regret for)
ruffle n 皱褶, 生气 v使皱，使生气
ruminate (to chew repeatedly for an extended period) (to go over in the mind repeatedly and often casually or slowly)
rumple (fold,wrinkle)
run (an unbroken course of performances or showings)
rupture (to part by violence)
ruse (trick to deceive; stratagem)
rustic (lacking in social graces or polish)
rustle （to steal livestock, especially cattle）
sabbatical adj 安息日的,周期性休息的
sabotage vt 妨害,破坏
saccharine n 糖精
sacrilege n 亵渎圣物,冒渎,悖理逆天的行为
saddle (oppress,burden)
safeguard n 保护措施,护照
sagacious (of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment)
salient (standing out conspicuously • prominent)
salmon n 大马哈鱼
salubrious (favorable to or promoting health or well-being)
salutary (promoting a beneficial effect or health)
salutation (a polite expression of greeting or goodwill)
salvage (从灾难中)抢救，海上救助
salve (quiet, assuage)
sanctify vt 使神圣,敬神,使成为神圣之物
sanctuary (a place of refuge and protection)
sanction (to give effective or authoritative approval or consent to)
sanctimonious (hypocritically pious)
sand v 磨光 n 沙
sanguine (red) (hopeful) (cheerful)
sanitation n卫生，卫生设施
sap (weaken) (bodily health and vigor)
sapient (possessing or expressing great sagacity)
sarcasm (cutting ironic remark; scornful remarks)
sartorial adj 裁缝匠的,缝工的,裁缝的
sate (satisfy to the full; satisfy to excess; cloy)
satiate (to satisfy fully or to excess)
satire (a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn) (trenchant wit, irony, or sarcasm used to expose and discredit vice or folly)
saturate (full of moisture•made thoroughly wet)
saturnine （of a gloomy or surly disposition）
saunter （to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner•stroll）
savanna (a treeless plain especially in Florida) (a tropical or subtropical grassland
containing scattered trees and drought-resistant undergrowth)
savant (a person of learning)
savory (appetizing to the taste or smell)
savvy (practical know-how)
sawdust (as of wood) made by a saw in cutting
scabbard (a sheath for a sword, dagger, or bayonet)
scads (a large number or quantity)
scale n 天平,秤盘；音阶
scalpel (a small straight thin-bladed knife used especially in surgery)
scan (to read or mark so as to show metrical structure)
scant adj 不足的,缺乏的
scathing (bitterly severe)
schism (division, separation) (discord, disharmony)
school n 学派,鱼群
scintillate (to throw off as a spark or as sparkling flashes)
scion (descendant, child)
scission (a division or split in a group or union：schism)
scissor n 剪刀
scoff (to treat or address with derision：mock)
scooter n 滑行车,踏板车
scorch (sear)
score n 乐谱,分数
scorn (reject or dismiss as contemptible or unworthy)
 
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scotch (hinder, thwart)
scour (to go through or range over in or as if in a search)
scowl (to contract the brow in an expression of displeasure)
scrappy (quarrelsome;having an aggressive and determined spirit)
scrap (discard;to abandon as no longer of enough worth to retain)
scrawl (to write or draw awkwardly, hastily, or carelessly)
scribble （to write hurriedly without heed to legibility or style）
script (the written text of a stage play, screenplay, or broadcast)
scrupulous (having moral integrity;painstaking)
scrutable (comprehensible)
scrutinize (to examine closely and minutely)
scuff (to become scratched, chipped, or roughened by wear)
sculpt (carve, sculpture)
scurrilous (using or given to coarse language containing obscenities, abuse, or slander)
scurvy (disgustingly mean or contemptible• despicable)
scythe n 长柄的大镰刀,战车镰
seascape (a view of the sea) (a picture representing a scene at sea)
seamy (degraded, sordid)
secluded (screened or hidden from view; sequestered;solitary)
secrete (to form and give off a secretion)
sedate (keeping a quiet steady attitude)
sedentary (not migratory：settled)
seduce (to persuade to disobedience or disloyalty)
sedulous (diligent in application or pursuit)
seemly (conventionally proper;fit)
segment (to separate into segments：give off as segments)
seminal (containing or contributing the seeds of later development：creative, original)
seminary n 神学院
sensation n 感觉，知觉,轰动事件
sensitive (receptive to sense impressions)
sentinel n 哨兵,看守
sepulchral (suited to or suggestive of a sepulchre)
septic (of, relating to, or causing putrefaction)
sequela n 后继者, 后遗症
sequester (to set apart：segregate;seclude, withdraw)
seraph (one of the 6-winged angels standing in the presence of God)
sere (being dried and withered)
serrated （notched like the edge of a saw; saw-toothed; serrate）
serendipity (the faculty or phenomenon of finding valuable or agreeable things not sought for)
serene (marked by or suggestive of utter calm and unruffled repose or quietude)
serfdom n 农奴身份, 农奴境遇
sermon （an often lengthy and tedious speech of reproof or exhortation）
serpentine （of or resembling a serpent, as in form or movement; sinuous）
serrate (notched or toothed on the edge)
serried adj 密集的,林立的,重重叠叠罗列的
servile (meanly or cravenly submissive：abject)
severe (of a strict or stern bearing or manner：austere)
shackle (to deprive of freedom especially of action by means of restrictions or handicaps)
shadow (to follow especially secretly：trail)
shallow (lacking in depth of knowledge, thought, or feeling)
shale n 页岩,泥板岩
sham (not genuine：false, feigned)
shard (陶瓷器、瓦等的)破片,碎片
shiftless (lacking in ambition or incentive：lazy)
shipshape (trim, tidy)
shirk (responsibility, work, etc); malinger
shoal (shallow)
shopworn (尤指在商店中陈列久的货物)
shrewd (marked by clever discerning awareness and hardheaded acumen)
shrine 神殿,圣地
shrug (the shoulders)especially
shun (to avoid deliberately and especially habitually)
sidereal (in relation to stars or constellations：astral)
sidestep (avoid；bypass, evade)
signal (distinguished from the ordinary)
simper (to smile in a silly manner)
simpleton (缺乏常识)
simulate (to assume the appearance of often with the intent to deceive)
sin (an offense against religious or moral law)
sincere (honest;pure; true)
sinecure (well-paid position with little responsibility)
sinew (solid resilient strength：power)
singe (to burn superficially or lightly • scorch)
sinuous (winding; intricate, complex)
sip (to drink in small quantities)
siren n塞壬；海妖之一，用歌声诱惑海员，使船只在岛屿周围触礁沉没
skeleton (a usually rigid supportive or protective structure of an organism)
skeptic (a doubting or incredulous person)
skimp (provide scantily;live very economically)
skirmish (a minor fight in war usually incidental to larger movements)
skirt (to avoid especially because of difficulty or fear of controversy)
 
list 29
skit (a satirical or humorous story or sketch)
slack (not tight or taut)
slab (a broad, flat, thick piece)
slake (quench) (satisfy as thirst)
slant (to interpret or present in line with a special interest：angle)
slate (a tablet used for writing on)
slew (a large number)
slight (TRIVIAL) (SCANTY)
slight (to treat with disdain or indifference)
slink (to go or move stealthily or furtively)
slippery (causing or tending to slide or fall；unstable) (tricky)
slipshod (careless, slovenly)
sloppy (slovenly, careless)
sloth (disinclination to action or labor • indolence)
slouch n 懒惰无能的人 v 懒散
slovenly (untidy; careless in work habits; slipshod)
sluggard (an habitually lazy person)
sluggish (indolent,torpid;slow to respond；markedly slow in movement, flow, or growth)
slumber (sleep;a light sleep)
slur (obscure;to pronounce indistinctly)
sly (lacking in straightforwardness and candor•dissembling)
smarmy (revealing by a smug, ingratiating, or false earnestness)
smart (to cause or be the cause or seat of a sharp poignant pain)
smart (neat,trim) (stylish or elegant in dress or appearance)
smattering (superficial piecemeal knowledge)
smirk v．假笑，得意地笑 (to smile in an affected or smug manner • simper)
smother vt 窒息，压抑
smug (highly self-satisfied)
smuggle (to import or export secretly and in violation of the law)
snare v 诱捕 n陷井
snarl vi n 缠结,咆哮
sneer (to laugh with facial contortions that express scorn or contempt)
snobbish (snobby)
snub (to treat with contempt or neglect)
soak (to permeate so as to wet, soften, or fill thoroughly)
sober (abstemious; unhurried, calm; serious)
sodden (heavy with or as if with moisture or water)
solace (alleviation of grief or anxiety)
solder (to unite or make whole by solder)
solemnity (seriousness;gravity)
solicitous (worried,concerned)
solidify （to make solid, compact, or hard）
soliloquy (talking to oneself ;a dramatic monologue)
solitude (state of being alone or remote from society)
solvent (able to pay all legal debts)
somatic (relating to the the body; physical)
somber （gloomy; dismal or depressing）
somnolence （a state of drowsiness; sleepiness）
sonata n 奏鸣曲
sonnet n 十四行诗
soothe （to ease or relieve）（to calm or placate）
sop (a conciliatory or propitiatory bribe, gift, or gesture) (to wet thoroughly：soak)
sophism （a plausible but fallacious argument）
sophistication n 诡辩；久经世故，精明
soporific （inducing or tending to induce sleep）
sordid (base,vile; dirty, filthy)
sound （free from defect, decay, or damage; in good condition）
sparse (not thickly grown or settled)
spartan (lacking luxury and comfort;sternly disciplined)
spat (a brief petty quarrel or angry outburst)
spate (sudden flood; a large number or amount)
specious (having a false look of truth or genuineness)
speck (a very small amount：bit)
spectator (one who looks on or watches)
spectrum (colored band produced when a beam of light passed through a prism)
speculate (to meditate on or ponder a subject • reflect)
spendthrift (a person who spends improvidently or wastefully)
spent (drained of energy or effectiveness• exhausted)
spindly (frail or flimsy in appearance or structure)
spiny (abounding with difficulties or annoyances•thorny)
spire (the upper tapering part of something; pinnacle)
spleen (feelings of anger or ill will often suppressed)
splint (material or a device used to protect and immobilize a body part) (a thin piece
split or broken off lengthwise；sliver)
spoke (any of the small radiating bars inserted in the hub of a wheel to support the rim)
spontaneous (acting or activated without apparent thought or deliberation)
spoof (a light humorous parody)
sporadic (occurring occasionally)
sprain (to injure by a sudden or severe twist)
sprightly (marked by a gay lightness and vivacity)
spur （to incite or stimulate）
spurious (false; forged)
spurn (to reject with disdain or contempt•scorn)
squabble (a noisy altercation or minor quarrel)
squalid (marked by filthiness and degradation from neglect or poverty)
 
list 30
squall (a short-lived commotion)
squander (to spend extravagantly or foolishly•dissipate)
squat (marked by disproportionate shortness or thickness)
squint (to look or peer with eyes partly closed)
squelch (to completely suppress：quell)
stabilize (to make stable, steadfast, or firm)
stagnant (not flowing in a current or stream)
staid (marked by settled sedateness and often prim self-restraint)
stalemate (a drawn contest•deadlock)
stalk (to pursue quarry or prey stealthily)
stalwart (marked by outstanding strength and vigor)
stamina (staying power, endurance)
stammer (to make involuntary stops and repetitions in speaking•halt)
stanza (a division of a poem consisting of a series of lines)
startle (to frighten or surprise suddenly and usually not seriously)
static (a lack of movement, animation, or progression)
stature (as of a person) in an upright position
steadfast (firm in belief, determination, or adherence•loyal)
stealth (the act or action of proceeding furtively, secretly, or imperceptibly)
steep (to cover with or plunge into a liquid)
stench (to emit a strong offensive odor•stink)
stencil (用以刻写文字、图案的)模版 v用模版刻写
stentorian (extremely loud)
sterile (unproductive of vegetation) (free from living organisms and especially microorganisms)
stickler (one who insists on exactness or completeness in the observance of something)
stiff (lacking in suppleness or responsiveness)
stifle (to withhold from circulation or expression：repress; to kill by depriving of oxygen ：suffocate)
stigma (a mark of shame or discredit：stain)
stilted (pompous, lofty ；formal, stiff)
stint (to be sparing or frugal)
stingy (not generous or liberal)
stipple 　 (to engrave by means of dots and flicks)
stipulate (to lay down as a condition of an agreement; require by contract)
stitch (a single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing or surgical suturing)
stock (commonly used or brought forward)
stockade (an enclosure or pen made with posts and stakes)
stodgy (boring, dull) (extremely old-fashioned: HIDEBOUND)
stoke (to poke or stir up (as a fire)：supply with fuel)
stoic (not showing passion) n 坚忍克己的人
stolid (expressing little or no sensibility：unemotional)
stomach　 (to bear without overt reaction or resentment)
stonewall (to refuse to comply or cooperate with)
stouthearted (having a stout heart or spirit：stubborn)
stratagem (a cleverly contrived trick or scheme for gaining an end)
strait (a comparatively narrow passageway connecting two large bodies of water)
stratify (to divide into classes, castes, or social strata)
stray (separated from the group or the main body;to wander from company, restraint, or proper limits)
strength (degree of potency of effect or of concentration)
striate (to mark with striations or striae)
stricture (an adverse criticism•censure；restriction)
stride (to move with or as if with long steps)
strident (sound harsh, insistent, and discordant)
strike (to form by stamping, printing, or punching)
stringent (tight, constricted)
strip (to remove clothing, covering, or surface matter from)
strut (to walk with a pompous and affected air) (a structural piece designed to resist pressure in the direction of its length)
studio (the working place of a sculptor or photographer)
stultify (to have a dulling or inhibiting effect on)
stupor (a condition of greatly dulled or completely suspended sense or sensibility)
stun (to make senseless or dizzy by ：daze)
stunt (to hinder the normal growth, development, or progress of)
sturdy (marked by or reflecting physical strength or vigor)
stygian (extremely dark, gloomy, or forbidding)
stylus (an instrument for writing, marking, or incising)
stymie (to present an obstacle to•stand in the way of)
subdue (to conquer and bring into subjection•vanquish；to bring under control especially by an exertion of the will：curb；to reduce the intensity or degree of)
subject n 臣民，受支配的人 vt使屈从于…,使隶属
subjugate (to bring under control and governance as a subject)
sublime (lofty, grand, or exalted in expression or manner)
subliminal (below the threshold of conscious perception)
submerge (to cover or overflow with water)
submissive (submitting to others)
subordinate (inferior) (secondary) (submissive to or controlled by authority)
subpoena (a writ commanding a person designated in it to appear in court under a penalty for failure)
subservient (obsequiously submissive)
subside (to let oneself settle down ：sink；to sink or fall to the bottom)
subsidiary (of secondary importance)
subsidy (direct financial aid by government)

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substantial (consisting of or relating to substance) (not imaginary or illusory：real,true)
(important, essential)
substantiate (verify) (to give substance or form to：embody)
subterfuge (a deceptive device or stratagem)
subvert (to overturn or overthrow from the foundation•ruin)
succinct (compact precise expression without wasted words)
succor (to go to the aid of：relieve；aid, help)
suffocate (to stop the respiration of)
suffuse (to spread over in the manner of fluid or light•flush)
sulk (to be sullen or morose in mood usually because of a grievance)
summary (an abstract) (done without delay or formality)
summit (top, apex; especially •the highest point：peak)
summon (to command by service of a summons to appear in court)
sumptuous (extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent)
sunder (to break apart or in two ；separate)
supercilious (coolly and patronizingly haughty)
superficial (lying on the surface • external)
superfluous (exceeding what is sufficient or necessary：extra)
superimpose (to place or lay over or above something)
supine (exhibiting indolent or apathetic inertia) (lying on back)
supple (easy and fluent without awkwardness)
supplant (to supersede especially by force or treachery)
supplement (something that completes or makes an addition)
supplicate (to make a humble entreaty; to ask for earnestly and humbly)
supposition (something that is supposed ：hypothesis)
suppress (to restrain from a usual course or action；subdue)
surcharge (an excessive load or burden)
surfeit (an overabundant supply：excess)
surrender (to yield to the power)
surreptitious (doing something clandestinely)
suspend (to cause to stop temporarily) (hang)
suture (to unite, close, or secure with sutures)
svelte (slender, lithe；urbane, suave)
swagger (to walk with an air of overbearing)
swear (to use profane or obscene language：curse)
sweltering (oppressively hot)
swerve (to turn aside abruptly from a straight line or course)
swill (to drink great drafts of：guzzle)
swindle (to obtain money or property by fraud or deceit)
swing (something that swings freely from or on a support)
sybarite (voluptuary, sensualist)
sycophant (a servile self-seeking flatterer)
syllabus (a summary outline of a discourse, treatise, or course of study)
syllogism n 三段论法,演绎；诡辩
symbiosis (the living together in more or less intimate association or close union of two dissimilar)
symmetry (balanced proportions)
symphony (consonance of sounds；symphony orchestra)
synchronous (happening or arising at precisely the same time)
synergic (working together：cooperating)
synonymous (alike in meaning or significance)
synopsis (a condensed statement or outline：abstract)
synthesis (the composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole)
tacit (expressed or carried on without words or speech)
taciturn (temperamentally disinclined to talk)
tackle (an assemblage of ropes and pulleys arranged to gain mechanical advantage for hoisting and pulling)
tact (a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offense)
tactile (perceptible by touch：tangible)
tactless (marked by lack of a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good
relations with others or avoid offense)
tadpole n 蝌蚪
talisman (an object held to avert evil and bring good fortune) (a moral defect considered as a stain or spot)
talon (the claw of an animal and especially of a bird of prey)
tamper (to alter improperly)
tangent (diverging from an original purpose of course：irrelevant)
tangible (capable of being perceived;palpable) (substantially real ：material)
tangy (having or suggestive of a tang)
tantalize (to tease or torment by or as if by presenting something desirable to the view but continually keeping it out of reach)
tantamount (equivalent in value, significance, or effect)
tantrum (a fit of bad temper)
taper (progressively narrowed toward one end)
tapestry (a heavy handwoven reversible textile used for hangings, curtains, and upholstery and characterized by complicated pictorial designs)
tardy (moving slowly ：sluggish)
tarnish (to dull or destroy the luster of by or as if by air, dust, or dirt)
tarpaulin (a piece of material as durable plastic used for protecting exposed objects or areas)
tasty (strikingly attractive or interesting)
tatty (rather worn, frayed, or dilapidated•shabby)
taunt (to reproach or challenge in a mocking or insulting manner•jeer at)
taut (having no give or slack：tightly drawn)
tawdry (cheap and gaudy in appearance or quality; ignoble)
 
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taxing (onerous, wearing)
taxonomist (one who study the general principles of scientific classification)
tear (to move or act with violence, haste, or force)
tedious (tiresome because of length or dullness•boring)
teeter (to move unsteadily：wobble)
teetotalism (the principle or practice of complete abstinence from alcoholic drinks)
telling (carrying great weight and producing a marked effect• effective, expressive)
temerity (boldness; nerve)
temporize (to draw out discussions or negotiations so as to gain time dominant opinion)
temperate (marked by moderation)
tempestuous (of, relating to, or resembling a tempest)
tenable (capable of being held or defended；reasonable)
tenacious (persistent in maintaining something valued or habitual)
tendentious (marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of view：biased)
tepid (moderately warm, lukewarm)
terminology (the special terms used in a business, art, science, or special subject)
terminus (The final point; the end)
terror (a state of intense fear)
terse (devoid of superfluity ; also• short, brusque)
testator (a person who dies leaving a will or testament in force)
testimony (a solemn declaration usually made orally by a witness under oath in response to interrogation by a lawyer or authorized public official)
testy (easily annoyed•irritable)
tether (to fasten or restrain by or as if by a tether)
theatrical (marked by pretense or artificiality of emotion)
theology (the study of religious faith, practice, and experience)
therapeutic (of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods)
thorny (full of thorns；full of difficulties or controversial points：ticklish)
threadbare (exhausted of interest or freshness)
throng (to crowd together in great numbers)
thwart (to oppose successfully：defeat the hopes or aspirations of)
ticklish (easily offended or upset;touchy, oversensitive)
tiff (a petty quarrel)
tightfisted (reluctant to part with money)
timeworn (hackneyed, stale)
timid (lacking in courage or self-confidence)
timorous (of a timid disposition•fearful)
tinge (to color with a slight shade or stain•tint)
tinker (to repair, adjust, or work with something in an unskilled or experimental manner：fiddle)
tint (to impart or apply a tint to • color)
tirade (a protracted speech usually marked by intemperate, vituperative or harshly censorious language)
toady (one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors•sycophant)
tonic (increasing or restoring physical or mental tone)
tong n 钳子,堂, 帮会
tonsorial (of or relating to a barber or the work of a barber)
topsy-turvy (being in utter confusion or disorder)
topsoil (surface soil usually including the organic layer)
tornado (a violent windstorm • whirlwind)
torque (force that produces or tends to produce rotation or torsion)
torpid (lacking in energy or vigor：pathetic, dull)
torpor (lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy)
torrid (giving off intense heat•scorching)
torrential (caused by or resulting from action of rapid streams)
tortuous (marked by devious or indirect tactics • crooked, tricky)
tourniquet (as a bandage twisted tight with a stick) to check bleeding or blood flow
tout (to praise or publicize loudly or extravagantly)
toy (to treat something casually or without seriousness)
tractable (capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled•docile)
tranquility (the quality or state free from disturbance or turmoil)
transcend (to rise above or go beyond the limits of , to triumph over the negative or restrictive aspects of•overcome)
transfigure (to give a new and typically exalted or spiritual appearance to•transform outwardly and usually for the better)
transgress (to go beyond limits set or prescribed by•violate)
transient (passing especially quickly into and out of existence• transitory)
transitory (tending to pass away•not persistent)
translucent (permitting the passage of light•clear, transparent)
transparent (obvious) (free from pretense or deceit)
travail (work especially of a painful or laborious nature • toil)
traverse (to go or travel across or over)
travesty (a debased, distorted, or grossly inferior imitation)
treacherous (characterized by or manifesting treachery：perfidious)
treasurer (an officer entrusted with the receipt and disbursement of funds)
treaty (an agreement or arrangement made by negotiation)
trenchant (keen, incisive; sharp)
trepidation (timorous uncertain agitation：apprehension)
trespass (to enter unlawfully upon the land of another；err, sin；to make an unwarranted or uninvited incursion；violate)
tribute (a gift, payment, declaration)

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trickle (to issue or fall in drops)
trite (hackneyed or boring from much use•not fresh or original)
trivial (commonplace, ordinary)
troupe (a company or group, especially of touring actors, singers, or dancers)
trophy (something gained in victory)
truant (shirking responsibility)
truce (a suspension of or an agreement for suspending hostilities)
truculent (cruel, savage) (aggressively self-assertive)
trudge (to walk or march steadily and usually laboriously)
trumpet (a wind instrument consisting of a conical or cylindrical usually metal tube, a
cup-shaped mouthpiece, and a flared bell)
truncate (to shorten by or as if by cutting off)
twig (a small shoot)
truss (a rigid framework, as of wooden beams or metal bars, designed to support a structure, such as a roof)
tugboat (a strongly built powerful boat used for towing and pushing)
tumult (disorderly agitation or milling about of a crowd usually with uproar and confusion of voices：commotion)
turbulent (causing unrest, violence, or disturbance)
turgid (excessively embellished in style or language)
turmoil (a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or commotion)
turncoat (one who switches to an opposing side or party; specifically)
turpitude (inherent baseness：depravity; a base act)
turquoise (a mineral that is a blue, bluish green, or greenish gray)
turret (an ornamental structure at an angle of a larger structure)
typo (an error in typed or typeset material)
tyro (a beginner in learning：novice)
ubiquitous (being everywhere at the same time)
uncanny (seeming to have a supernatural character or origin)
uncouth (awkward in appearance, manner, or behavior)
unctuous (fatty, oily) (revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, and false earnestness or spirituality)
undermine (to weaken or ruin by degrees)
underscore (emphasize, stress) (line drawn under a word or line especially for emphasis)
underdog (a victim of injustice or persecution)
understudy (one who is prepared to act another's part)
unexceptionable (not open to criticism•beyond reproach)
unflappable (marked by assurance and self-control)
ungainly (lacking in smoothness or dexterity•clumsy)
unimpeachable (not to be called in question)
unkempt (deficient in order or neatness)
unlettered (lacking facility in reading and writing and ignorant of the knowledge to be gained from books)
unpretentious (free from ostentation, elegance, or affectation)
unproductive adj 徒然的，无效的
unrequited (not reciprocated or returned in kind)
unruly (not readily ruled or managed；presumptuous)
untenable (not able to be defended)
untold (incalculable, vast)
untoward （not favorable; unpropitious）
unwitting (not knowing•unaware)
unwonted (not accustomed by experience)
upbraid (severely reproach;scold vehemently)
uphold (to support against an opponent)
urbane (notably polite or finished in manner•polished)
usurp (to seize or exercise authority or possession wrongfully)
usury (lending money at illegal high rates of interest)
utter (pronounce, speak) (absolute, total)
vaccinate （to inoculate with cowpox virus to produce immunity）
vacillate (in opinion); fluctuate; sway to and fro
vacuous (marked by lack of ideas or intelligence•stupid, inane)
vagary (capricious happening; caprice)
vague (not thinking or expressing one's thoughts clearly or precisely)
valediction (an act of bidding farewell)
valiant (courageous；heroic)
valid (logically correct) (well-grounded) (effective)
varnish vt涂上清漆 ；掩饰；修饰
vanquish (to defeat in a conflict or contest)
vapid (lacking liveliness, tang, briskness, or force•flat, dull)
vaporize (to convert as by the application of heat or by spraying into vapor)
variance (difference, variation)
variegation (the diversity of colors)
varnish (to apply varnish to)
vault (a room or compartment for the safekeeping of valuables)
vaunt (to make a vain display of one's own worth or attainments•brag)
veer (to change direction or course)
vehement (intensely emotional：impassioned, fervid)
venal (capable of being bribed; corrupt)
vendor (one that sell especially as a hawker or peddler)
veneer (a layer of wood of superior value or excellent grain to be glued to an inferior wood)
venerate (regard with reverential respect)
venial (forgivable, pardonable)
venom (poison of an animal) (hatred)
veracious (truthful, honest)
verbatim (following the exact words•word-for-word)
verbose (containing more words than necessary•wordy)
verdant (green with growing plants)
 
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verify (to establish the truth, accuracy, or reality of)
veritable (being in fact the thing named and not false, unreal, or imaginary)
verisimilar (having the appearance of truth • probable)
vernacular (the standard native language of a country or locality)
versatile (having many uses or applications)
versed (acquainted through experience; knowledgeable or skilled)
vertigo (a disordered state in which the individual or the individual's surroundings seem to whirl dizzily)
verve (the spirit and enthusiasm animating artistic composition or performance：vivacity；energy, vitality)
vessel n 船只,容器,脉管
vestige (the smallest quantity or trace)
vestigial (small and degenerate or imperfectly developed)
veteran (an old soldier of long service)
veto (to refuse to admit or approve：prohibit)
vex (to bring trouble, distress, or agitation to)
viable (capable of living)
vicarious (performed or suffered by one person as a substitute for another or to the benefit or advantage of another:substitutionary)
vicious (having the nature or quality of vice or immorality:depraved)
vicissitude (natural change or mutation visible in nature or in human affairs)
victimize (to subject to deception or fraud•cheat)
vigilant (alertly watchful especially to avoid danger)
vignette (as in a play or movie)
vigorous (full of physical or mental strength or active force)
vilify (to utter slanderous and abusive statements against:defame)
vim (robust energy and enthusiasm)
vindicate (to free from allegation or blame)
vindictive (disposed to seek revenge:vengeful)
virtuoso (an experimenter or investigator especially in the arts and sciences：savant)
virtuous (morally excellent：righteous)
virulent adj 有毒的，有害的
viscous (having a glutinous consistency：viscid)
viscid (having a glutinous consistency：viscous)
visionary (incapable of being realized or achieved：utopian)
vitality (capacity to live and develop)
vitiate (to make faulty or defective：impair)
vitrify (to convert into glass or a glassy substance by heat and fusion)
vitriolic (bitterly scathing; caustic)
vituperate (to abuse or censure severely or abusively： berate)
vivacious (lively in temper, conduct, or spirit：sprightly)
vociferous (marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry)
volatile (inconstant; fickle)
volition (an act of making a choice or decision)
voluble (glib, fluent) (talkative)
voluminous (having or marked by great volume or bulk：large)
voluptuous (given to or spent in enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or sensual gratifications)
voracious (excessively eager：insatiable；having a huge appetite)
votary (enthusiast, devotee；a devout or zealous worshiper)
vouch (to summon into court to warrant or defend a title)
vulgar (lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste：coarse) (open to attack or damage：assailable)
waffle (to talk or write foolishly：blather)
waft (to move or go lightly on or as if on a buoyant medium)
wag (wit, joker)
wan (suggestive of poor health•sickly, pallid)
wanderlust (strong longing for or impulse toward wandering)
wane (dwindle；to fall gradually from power, prosperity, or influence)
want (grave and extreme poverty that deprives one of the necessities of life)
wardrobe (a room or closet where clothes are kept：clothespress)
warmonger (one who urges or attempts to stir up war：jingo)
warp (to twist or bend out of a plane)
warrant (to guarantee to a person good title to and undisturbed possession of as an estate)
wary (very cautious; watchful)
wastrel (one who dissipates resources foolishly and self-indulgently)
watershed (a crucial dividing point：turning point)
wax (to increase in phase or intensity ,used chiefly of the moon, other satellites, and inferior planets)
waylay (to lie in wait for or attack from ambush)
welter (a chaotic mass or jumble)
wheedle (to influence or entice by soft words or flattery)
whet (to make keen or more acute：excite, stimulate)
whiff (a quick puff or slight gust especially of air, odor, gas, smoke, or spray)
whimsical (fanciful)
wholesome (promoting health or well-being of spirit,body or morals)
wickedness (the quality or state of being morally very bad)
wince (to shrink back involuntarily (as from pain)•flinch)
windbag (an exhaustively talkative person)
windy (verbose, bombastic)
winnow (to remove (as chaff) by a current of air)
winsome (generally pleasing and engaging often because of a childlike charm and innocence)
 
list 35
wit (mental capability and resourcefulness•ingenuity)
withdraw (to take back or away :remove;to become socially or emotionally detached)
wither (to become dry and sapless; especially :to shrivel from or as if from loss of bodily moisture)
withhold (to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing)
wizen (to become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled often as a result of aging or of failing vitality)
wobble (to move or proceed with an irregular rocking or staggering motion or unsteadily and clumsily from side to side; tremble, quaver)
woo (to sue for the affection of and usually marriage with：court)
worldly (of, relating to, or devoted to this world and its pursuits rather than to religion or spiritual affairs)
worship (extravagant respect to an object of esteem)
wrangler (a ranch hand who takes care of the saddle horses)
wretched (deeply afflicted, dejected, or distressed in body or mind)
wry (having a bent or twisted shape or condition) (cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous)
yoke (to join as if by a yoke)
yokel (a naive or gullible inhabitant of a rural area or small town)
zeal (eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something:fervor)
zenith (the highest point reached in the heavens by a celestial body)
zesty (having or characterized by keen enjoyment)